Diabetes care
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Comparative Study
Evaluation of an electrochemical sensor for measuring blood ketones.
To evaluate the performance of a hand-held ketone sensor that is able to measure blood beta-hydroxybutyrate (beta-HBA) concentrations within 30 s in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and patients who attend a weight management clinic. ⋯ This ketone sensor accurately measures whole blood beta-HBA concentrations within 30 s.
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Type 2 diabetes is a progressive disease with a significant risk for developing late complications. This article presents evidence related to the effect of glycemic control on the outcome of daily symptoms, microvascular complications, and macrovascular complications. Literature limited to Medline and the Cochrane Library was searched primarily for randomized clinical trials. ⋯ Insulin treatment has been shown to be effective in achieving satisfactory glycemic control over several years. There is also a positive effect on hard end points such as microvascular disease in the eye, kidney, and nerves. In conclusion, present evidence shows that optimal glycemic control can be attained in people with type 2 diabetes, resulting in fewer disease-related symptoms and a reduced risk of late complications.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Percutaneous electrical nerve stimulation: a novel analgesic therapy for diabetic neuropathic pain.
To evaluate the use of percutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (PENS) in the management of patients with painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy. ⋯ PENS is a useful nonpharmacological therapeutic modality for treating diabetic neuropathic pain. In addition to decreasing extremity pain, PENS therapy improved physical activity, sense of well-being, and quality of sleep while reducing the need for oral nonopioid analgesic medication.
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In 1997, the American Diabetes Association (ADA) recommended a new diagnostic category, impaired fasting glucose (IFG), to describe individuals with borderline glucose tolerance. On the other hand, the World Health Organization (WHO) suggested retaining the category of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). We studied the prevalence of IFG and IGT in a multiethnic society and compared the cardiovascular risk profiles of subjects with IFG, IGT, or both IFG and IGT. ⋯ Obvious discordance was evident in the classification of glycemic status when applying the criteria proposed by the ADA (IFG) or WHO (IGT) in a multiethnic society like Singapore. However, subjects with either IFG or IGT had similar cardiovascular risk profiles. Therefore, both criteria identified individuals at high risk for cardiovascular disease. Individuals with both IFG and IGT had a greater incidence of the cardiovascular dysmetabolic syndrome.