Diabetes care
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Excessive secretion of the insulin precursor proinsulin, as manifested by an increased serum proinsulin-to-insulin ratio, has been associated with beta-cell dysfunction. In women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), previous studies of the proinsulin-to-insulin ratio have yielded conflicting results, despite the presence of beta-cell dysfunction. The interpretation of the proinsulin-to-insulin ratio, however, may be confounded by the variable effects of hepatic insulin extraction. Thus, we sought to determine whether GDM is characterized by relative hyperproinsulinemia as measured by the proinsulin-to-C-peptide ratio, an alternate measure of proinsulin secretion that is not affected by hepatic insulin extraction. ⋯ GDM is not independently associated with hyperproinsulinemia as measured by the proinsulin-to-C-peptide ratio. Instead, in pregnant women, increased insulin resistance is associated with decreased proinsulin-to-C-peptide ratio, independently of glucose tolerance status. These data suggest that relative proinsulin secretion in late pregnancy is primarily related to insulin resistance and does not necessarily reflect beta-cell function.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Effect of pitavastatin on urinary liver-type fatty acid-binding protein levels in patients with early diabetic nephropathy.
Liver-type fatty acid-binding protein (l-FABP) is expressed in renal proximal tubules and is reported to be a useful marker for progression of chronic glomerulonephritis. The aim of this study was to determine whether urinary l-FABP levels are altered at various stages of diabetic nephropathy and whether pitavastatin affects urinary l-FABP levels in early diabetic nephropathy. ⋯ Urinary l-FABP levels appear to be associated with the progression of diabetic nephropathy, and pitavastatin may be effective in ameliorating tubulointerstitial damage in early diabetic nephropathy.
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Hyperglycemia is associated with poor clinical outcomes and mortality in myocardial infarction, stroke, and general hospital patients. However, there are few data regarding the effect of hyperglycemia on outcomes in patients receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN), a therapy that predisposes patients to hyperglycemia. The aim of this study was to determine whether elevated blood glucose levels are associated with adverse outcomes in patients receiving TPN. ⋯ Hyperglycemia is a predictor of poor outcomes in patients receiving TPN. The confirmation of a relation between blood glucose levels and adverse outcomes provides support for tight glycemic control in these patients.
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Review Meta Analysis Comparative Study
Enteral nutritional support and use of diabetes-specific formulas for patients with diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
The aim of this systematic review was to determine the benefits of nutritional support in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. ⋯ This systematic review shows that short- and long-term use of diabetes-specific formulas as oral supplements and tube feeds are associated with improved glycemic control compared with standard formulas. If such nutritional support is given long term, this may have implications for reducing chronic complications of diabetes, such as cardiovascular events.