Irish journal of medical science
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Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder, characterized by poor glycemic control nutritional education enhances people's knowledge on healthy food choices that improve blood glycemic and lipidemic control leading to better overall health. ⋯ Nutritional education program is effective to decrease HbA1c % and body mass index.
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The impact of marital status on cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains controversial in the general population. ⋯ Within primary care settings, marital status should be considered a potential correlate of long-term CHD and overall mortality risks, especially among women.
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Review Case Reports
A case series of musical hallucinations in psychiatry of old age-in search of the sound of silence.
Musical hallucinations (MH) are the subjective experience of hearing music when none is played. They are a rare, understudied area of psychiatry. MH are more common in women and older age and have several underlying aetiologies and predisposing factors such as hearing impairment, mental illness and certain medications. ⋯ One case had a swift resolution of symptoms with a combination of an antipsychotic and antidepressant. The other two cases had limited responses to treatment despite optimising their hearing aids and trials of a number of medications at therapeutic levels. Further research into MH is needed to establish a treatment that is evidence based and symptom focused.
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Review
Can social adversity alter the epigenome, trigger oral disease, and affect future generations?
The nature versus nurture debate has intrigued scientific circles for decades. Although extensive research has established a clear relationship between genetics and disease development, recent evidence has highlighted the insufficiency of attributing adverse health outcomes to genetic factors alone. In fact, it has been suggested that environmental influences, such as socioeconomic position (SEP), may play a much larger role in the development of disease than previously thought, with extensive research suggesting that low SEP is associated with adverse health conditions. ⋯ Although little is known about the biological mechanisms underlying this relationship, epigenetic modifications resulting from environmental influences have been suggested to play an important role. This review explores the intersection of health inequalities and epigenetics, the role of early-life social adversity and its long-term epigenetic impacts, and how those living within the lower hierarchies of the socioeconomic pyramid are indeed at higher risk of developing diseases, particularly in relation to oral health. A deeper understanding of these mechanisms could lead to the development of targeted interventions for individuals of low SEP to improve oral health or identify those who are at higher risk of developing oral disease.
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Review Meta Analysis
The use of radiomic analysis of magnetic resonance imaging findings in predicting features of early osteoarthritis of the knee-a systematic review and meta-analysis.
The primary aim of this study was to systematically review current literature evaluating the use of radiomics in establishing the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in native knees in predicting features of osteoarthritis (OA). A systematic review was performed with respect to PRISMA guidelines in search of studies reporting radiomic analysis of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to analyse patients with native knee OA. Sensitivity and specificity of radiomic analyses were included for meta-analysis. Following our initial literature search of 1271 studies, only 5 studies met our inclusion criteria. ⋯ Meta-analysis demonstrated the pooled sensitivity and specificity for MRI in predicting features of OA in patients with native knees were 0.74 (95% CI 0.71, 0.78) and 0.85 (95% CI 0.83, 0.87), respectively. The results of this systematic review suggest that the high sensitivities and specificity of MRI-based radiomics may represent potential biomarker in the early identification and classification of native knee OA. Such analysis may inform surgeons to facilitate earlier non-operative management of knee OA in the select pre-symptomatic patients, prior to clinical or radiological evidence of degenerative change.