Irish journal of medical science
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Neuroendocrine neoplasm of GIT (gastrointestinal tract) and pancreas is heterogenous with variable clinical features and disease outcomes. Despite multiple attempts of risk stratification by grading and staging, some have unpredictable clinical courses. Well-differentiated grade 3 neuroendocrine tumour (G3NET) is a recent subcategory introduced in the 2019 WHO classification based on morphology, molecular profile and prognosis distinguishing it from neuroendocrine carcinoma(NEC). This study aimed at describing the spectrum of NENs encountered in a tertiary centre with focus on reclassifying previously reported G3 tumours into G3 NET and NEC and comparing the survival between them. ⋯ Grading of NEN is vital for therapeutic decisions and for prognostication. Currently, morphology is the key to recognise the well-differentiated G3 NETs, but can be subject to interobserver variability. Molecular surrogates may play a role in accurately identifying these entities, the validity of which is warranted.
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Recurrent miscarriage affects 1-2% of the population, and the literature has focussed on causes, treatment, and live birth rate. ⋯ Patients who attend a dedicated recurrent miscarriage clinic for investigation and treatment have a high live birth rate in a subsequent pregnancy. A subsequent pregnancy following recurrent pregnancy loss does not appear to be associated with an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes.