The International journal of neuroscience
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Chronic relapsing inflammatory optic neuropathy (CRION) is an inflammatory optic neuropathy, characterized by relapses and remissions in patients with normal brain and spinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Discrepancy from other demyelinating diseases is important, and it is still uncertain whether CRION is restricted to the optic pathways or it affects other brain white matter (WM) structures. ⋯ WM appearing normal on brain MRI shows widespread abnormalities in a cohort of CRION patients as assessed by DTI.
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This study is to investigate the effects of etomidate and propofol on memory and possible involved mechanisms using immature rats. Forty-eight rats randomly received intraperitoneal injection of 5 mg/kg etomidate (n = 16), 50 mg/kg propofol (n = 16) or normal saline (control, n = 16). Three hours after awakening, memory was assessed by Y-maze test using 10 rats in each drug group. ⋯ Propofol group also showed less number of correct response ( p < 0.05) and more hippocampal GABA concentration ( p < 0.01) compared with etomidate group. Etomidate does not show significant effects on memory in rat and further investigation is required. Propofol can affect memory in rat possibly via increasing the synthesis and/or secretion of GABA as one of the factors.
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To assess the effects of hypothermia and normothermia treatments for sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) on brain injury recovery in rabbit models. ⋯ Hypothermia treatment after CPR provides better outcome than normothermia treatment in SCA rabbits. Hypothermia can reduce the ICAM-1 and NSE levels in both serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). This study supports the clinical implementation of hypothermia treatment for SCA and reveals that ICAM-1 and NSE are involved in the recovery of brain function after resuscitation.
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The aims of this study were to assess the clinical characteristics of patients with postoperative myasthenic crisis (PMC) and to identify the risk factors affecting the occurrence of PMC. ⋯ The important risk factors for developing PMC in generalized MG patients include the presence of bulbar symptoms, history of preoperative MC, and longer operation duration. Optimization of the preoperative evaluation and proper perioperative care of MG patients may decrease the frequency of PMC.
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Intracranial hypotension is a neurologic syndrome characterized by orthostatic headaches and, radiographically, by dural thickening and enhancement as well as subdural collections. Several of etiologies exist, including surgical dural violations, lumbar puncture, or spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leak. Current management includes conservative management consisting of bed rest, caffeine, and hydration. When conservative management fails, open surgical or percutaneous options are considered. Currently, the gold standard in percutaneous management of intracranial hypotension involves the epidural injection of autologous blood. Recently, some therapies for intracranial hypotension have employed the use of epidural fibrin glue. ⋯ Although consideration must be afforded for the potential risks of viral transmission and aseptic meningitis, the utilization of epidural fibrin glue injection as an alternative or adjunct to the epidural blood patch in the treatment of intracranial hypotension should be further investigated.