The International journal of neuroscience
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Transient ischemic attacks (TIA) are cerebral ischemic events without infarction. The uses of CT perfusion (CTP) techniques such as cerebral blood volume (CBV), time to peak (TTP), mean transit time (MTT) and cerebral blood flow (CBF) provide real time data about ischemia. It has been shown that CTP changes occur in less sensitive CTP scanners in patients with TIA. Larger detector row CTP (whole brain perfusion studies) may show that CTP abnormalities are more prevalent than previously noted. It is also unclear if these changes are associated with TIA severity. ⋯ Perfusion deficits are found in TIA patients using whole brain CTP and associated with components of the ABCD2 score.
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Inflammation, which is detrimental to the neurologic defect after ischemia-reperfusion, provides a potential target for therapeutic approach for spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB-1) was recently discovered to be a crucial cytokine that mediates the response to infection, injury and inflammation. The present study aimed to gain a deep insight into the neuroprotective effect of glycyrrhizin in the process of ischemia and reperfusion injury in spinal cord of mice. ⋯ Treatment with glycyrrhizin exerted a neuroprotective effect against spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury. The anti-inflammatory effect was believed to be one of the contributing mechanisms. Our findings provided experimental and therapeutic options for the treatment of spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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The incidence and prevalence of ischemic stroke (IS) are increasing in Asian countries. We conducted this retrospective database research to investigate epidemiology and disease burden of IS in Taiwan. ⋯ Stroke is a significant health concern in Taiwan. The associated disease burden was found to increase each year, especially among individuals aged 65-69 years. Overall, the DALY value increased from 2000 to 2005, which suggests that the associated disease burden will continue to increase over time.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Chloral hydrate versus hydroxyzine HCL for sedation prior to pediatric sleep EEG recording.
The sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) can reveal certain epileptiform activity patterns and facilitate localization of the focus. Sedation is often required for sleep EEG recording in pediatric patients, but there is no consensus on the optimal sedative. Hydroxyzine HCL (HH) and chloral hydrate (CH) are popular sedatives, but HH is rarely used for pediatric sleep EEG recording. The goal of this prospective study was to compare CH to HH for sleep induction efficacy, safety and effects on pediatric sleep EEG pattern. ⋯ CH was a superior sedative compared to HH owing to more rapid and successful sleep induction with no increase in adverse events.
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Case Reports
Paucisymptomatic Marchiafava-Bignami disease with relevant diffusion-weighted MRI lesions.
Marchiafava-Bignami disease (MBD) is a rare alcohol-associated disorder characterized by demyelization and necrosis of the corpus callosum. Diffusion-weighted (DW) MRI may reveal the lesions in patients showing serious clinical manifestations, high mortality rate and severe cognitive sequelae, though some cases with good outcome have been reported. We describe a case of a man with a history of chronic alcohol abuse associated with malabsorption; the man presented mild clinical signs on the first neurological exam, despite the presence of DW-MRI lesions, bilaterally involving entire corpus callosum, that are compatible with MBD diagnosis.