Journal of behavioral medicine
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia and sleep hygiene in fibromyalgia: a randomized controlled trial.
Sleep disturbances play an important role in the exacerbation of pain and other troubling symptoms reported by patients with fibromyalgia (FM). The objective of this trial was to analyze the efficacy of a cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) versus a sleep hygiene (SH) education program at improving sleep and other clinical manifestations in FM. Sixty-four FM women with insomnia were randomly assigned to the CBT-I or the SH groups, and 59 completed the treatments (30 in the CBT-I group and 29 in the SH group). ⋯ The SH group only improved significantly in subjective sleep quality. Patients in the CBT-I group showed significantly greater changes than those in the SH group in most outcome measures. The findings underscore the usefulness of CBT-I in the multidisciplinary management of FM.
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Pain acceptance contributes significantly to the effectiveness of pain treatment outcomes. Nevertheless, little research has been conducted to examine whether a decrease in acceptance contributes to a deterioration in post treatment functioning. The aim of this study was to assess the role of pain acceptance in relation to process and outcome variables in the six-months following the conclusion of a pain program. ⋯ Deterioration in acceptance of pain was significantly associated with deterioration in depression and disability, even when catastrophizing cognitions and kinesiophobia were accounted for. Decrease in acceptance was the strongest predictor of reliable deterioration in depression and disability. Results indicated the CPAQ-8 has utility as a measure for monitoring patient functioning post-treatment.
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Observational learning may contribute to development and maintenance of pain-related beliefs and behaviors. The current study examined whether observation of video primes could impact appraisals of potential back stressing activities, and whether this relationship was moderated by individual differences in pain-related fear. Participants viewed a video prime in which back-stressing activity was associated with pain and injury. ⋯ Specifically, following prime exposure, high fear participants showed elevated pain appraisals of activity images whereas low fear participants did not. High fear participants appraised the PHODA-M images as significantly more harmful regardless of prime exposure. The findings highlight individual moderators of observational learning in the context of pain.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Immediate effects of a brief mindfulness-based body scan on patients with chronic pain.
Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) has benefits for those with chronic pain. MBSR typically entails an intensive 8-week intervention. The effects of very brief mindfulness interventions are unknown. ⋯ In the normal environment none of the ratings were significantly different between the groups. These data suggest that, in a clinic setting, a brief body scan has immediate benefits for those experiencing chronic pain. These benefits need to be confirmed in the field.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
The effects of coping style on virtual reality enhanced videogame distraction in children undergoing cold pressor pain.
This study sought to evaluate the effectiveness of virtual reality (VR) enhanced interactive videogame distraction for children undergoing experimentally induced cold pressor pain and examined the role of avoidant and approach coping style as a moderator of VR distraction effectiveness. Sixty-two children (6-13 years old) underwent a baseline cold pressor trial followed by two cold pressor trials in which interactive videogame distraction was delivered both with and without a VR helmet in counterbalanced order. ⋯ Children's coping style did not moderate their response to distraction. Rather, interactive videogame distraction with and without VR technology was equally effective for children who utilized avoidant or approach coping styles.