Sleep
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One theoretical model suggests a pathway between pain and the development of depression through sleep problems. Here, we prospectively test the hypothesis that incident sleep problems, in those with persistent pain, increase risk of new onset probable depression, and investigate the role of "pain that interferes with daily life" (pain interference) on this pathway. ⋯ Clinicians treating patients with persistent pain may wish to consider options that involve addressing the prevention or treatment of sleep problems, in addition to their primary focus of pain management.