Sleep
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To evaluate vitamin D (25(OH)D) levels in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and possible relationships to OSAS severity, sleepiness, lung function, nocturnal heart rate (HR), and body composition. We also aimed to compare the 25(OH)D status of a subset of OSAS patients compared to controls matched for important determinants of both OSAS and vitamin D deficiency (VDD). ⋯ We observed widespread vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in a Caucasian, OSAS population. There were significant, independent, inverse relationships between 25(OH)D and AHI as well as nocturnal HR, a known cardiovascular risk factor. Further, 25(OH)D was significantly lower in OSAS cases compared to matched, non-OSAS subjects. We provide evidence that 25(OH)D and OSAS are related, but the role, if any, of replenishment has not been investigated.
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The aim of this study was to describe and analyze the association between bilateral leg movements (LMs) during sleep in subjects with restless legs syndrome (RLS), in order to eventually support or challenge the current scoring rules defining bilateral LMs. ⋯ The results of this study indicate that the two current standard scoring rules for the definition of bilateral LMs during sleep provide largely corresponding classifications in subjects with RLS and, in a clinical context, can be considered to be equivalent.
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Research on the relationship between racial discrimination and sleep is limited. The aims of this study were to: (1) examine the independent relationship between ethnicity, sex, age, socioeconomic position, experience of racial discrimination and self-reported sleep disturbances, and (2) determine the statistical contribution of experience of racial discrimination to ethnic disparities in sleep disturbances. ⋯ Racial discrimination may play an important role in ethnic disparities in sleep disturbances in New Zealand. Activities to improve the sleep health of non-dominant ethnic groups should consider the potentially multifarious ways in which racial discrimination can disturb sleep.
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Clinical Trial
Maxillomandibular Volume Influences the Relationship between Weight Loss and Improvement in Obstructive Sleep Apnea.
Obesity is the major risk factor for OSA; however, weight loss reduces OSA to a variable extent. We aimed to assess whether size of the maxillomandibular skeletal enclosure influences the relationship between weight loss and OSA reduction. ⋯ Maxillomandibular volume influences the relationship between weight loss and OSA improvement with an effect on AHI more evident in those with a smaller craniofacial skeleton.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Efficacy of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia in Adolescents: A Randomized Controlled Trial with Internet Therapy, Group Therapy and A Waiting List Condition.
To investigate the efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBTI) in adolescents. ⋯ This study was part of the clinical trial: Effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy for sleeplessness in adolescents; URL: http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN33922163; registration: ISRCTN33922163.