Sleep
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The American Academy of Sleep Medicine and Sleep Research Society recently released a Consensus Statement regarding the recommended amount of sleep to promote optimal health in adults. This paper describes the methodology, background literature, voting process, and voting results for the consensus statement. In addition, we address important assumptions and challenges encountered during the consensus process. Finally, we outline future directions that will advance our understanding of sleep need and place sleep duration in the broader context of sleep health.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
The Sleep Apnea cardioVascular Endpoints (SAVE) Trial: Rationale, Ethics, Design, and Progress.
The Sleep Apnea cardioVascular Endpoints (SAVE) study is an ongoing investigator-initiated and conducted, international, multicenter, open, blinded endpoint, randomized controlled trial that was designed to determine whether treatment of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) with continuous positive airways pressure (CPAP) can reduce the risk of serious cardiovascular (CV) events in patients with established CV disease (clinical trial registration NCT00738179). The results of this study will have important implications for the provision of health care to patients with sleep apnea around the world. The SAVE study has brought together respiratory, sleep, CV and stroke clinicians-scientists in an interdisciplinary collaboration with industry and government sponsorship to conduct an ambitious clinical trial. Following its launch in Australia and China in late 2008, the recruitment network expanded across 89 sites that included New Zealand, India, Spain, USA, and Brazil for a total of 2,717 patients randomized by December 2013. These patients are being followed until December 2015 so that the average length of follow-up of the cohort will be over 4 y. This article describes the rationale for the SAVE study, considerations given to the design including how various cultural and ethical challenges were addressed, and progress in establishing and maintaining the recruitment network, patient follow-up, and adherence to CPAP and procedures. The assumptions underlying the original trial sample size calculation and why this was revised downward in 2012 are also discussed. ⋯ ACTRN12608000409370.
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Multicenter Study
25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentration and Sleep Duration and Continuity: Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.
To determine the associations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration with sleep continuity, quality, and symptoms, and to explore race/ethnic variation. ⋯ Overall, there were modest associations between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration and sleep traits. However, race-stratified analyses suggested the association between 25(OH)D concentration and sleep traits varied by race/ethnicity. Vitamin D deficiency was most strongly associated with short sleep duration in African Americans and with elevated apnea-hypopnea index in Chinese Americans, suggesting that race/ethnicity may modify these associations.
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To investigate the association between sleep disordered breathing (SDB) and severe chronic periodontitis. ⋯ This study identifies a novel association between mild sleep disordered breathing and periodontitis that was most pronounced in young adults.
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To determine the impact of averaging window-length on the "desaturation" indexes (DIs) obtained via overnight pulse oximetry (SpO2) at high altitude. ⋯ Our findings indicate that increasing oximeter averaging window length progressively underestimates the frequency and magnitude of sleep disordered breathing events at high altitude, as indirectly assessed via the desaturation indexes.