Sleep
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Comparative Study
Measuring sleep: accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of wrist actigraphy compared to polysomnography.
We validated actigraphy for detecting sleep and wakefulness versus polysomnography (PSG). ⋯ This validation quantifies strengths and weaknesses of actigraphy as a tool measuring sleep in clinical and population studies. Overall, the participant-specific accuracy is relatively high, and for most participants, above 80%. We validate this finding across multiple nights and a variety of adults across much of the young to midlife years, in both men and women, in those with and without insomnia, and in 77 participants. We conclude that actigraphy is overall a useful and valid means for estimating total sleep time and wakefulness after sleep onset in field and workplace studies, with some limitations in specificity.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Increasing adherence to obstructive sleep apnea treatment with a group social cognitive therapy treatment intervention: a randomized trial.
To examine whether a social cognitive therapy (SCT) intervention increases continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) use compared to equivalent social interaction (SI) time. ⋯ Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, ACTRN12607000424404.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Motivational enhancement to improve adherence to positive airway pressure in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: a randomized controlled trial.
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with a variety of medical conditions. Positive airway pressure (PAP) is an effective treatment for improving sleep, yet adherence rates are low. The aim of the current study is to test two treatments versus standard care in improving adherence to PAP. ⋯ Initial adherence to positive airway pressure could help guide subsequent treatment plans. The results also support social cognitive theory in that educational approaches might be best suited for those who are ready for change whereas more motivational approaches might be best for those who are ambivalent about change.
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One theoretical model suggests a pathway between pain and the development of depression through sleep problems. Here, we prospectively test the hypothesis that incident sleep problems, in those with persistent pain, increase risk of new onset probable depression, and investigate the role of "pain that interferes with daily life" (pain interference) on this pathway. ⋯ Clinicians treating patients with persistent pain may wish to consider options that involve addressing the prevention or treatment of sleep problems, in addition to their primary focus of pain management.
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To investigate the capacity of neuropsychological deficits in idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) to predict the development of dementia and/or parkinsonism. ⋯ Our findings corroborate evidence that visuospatial abilities constitute the area most affected in idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (learning as a stable deficit and copying as an evolving deficit). Cognitive deterioration, involving mainly nonverbal logic, attention, and executive functions, can be observed in rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder follow-up, suggesting an underlying evolving degenerative process. Our data confirm that mild cognitive impairment is frequent in idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder. The presence of mild cognitive impairment predicts the eventual risk of developing dementia, which seemed to be associated with parkinsonism.