Sleep
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A collapsible or crowded pharyngeal airway is the main cause of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). However, quantification of airway collapsibility during sleep (Pcrit) is not clinically feasible. The primary aim of this study was to compare upper airway collapsibility using a simple wakefulness test with Pcrit during sleep. ⋯ These findings indicate that a simple wakefulness test may be useful to estimate the extent of upper airway anatomical impairment during sleep in people with OSA to direct targeted non-CPAP therapies for OSA.
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Mandibular advancement splints (MAS) are the leading treatment alternative to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). However, not all patients experience clinical benefit and treatment prediction remains challenging. Understanding the effects of mandibular advancement on pharyngeal collapsibility and muscle function may provide valuable information on the mechanisms of MAS, and thereby help to develop novel approaches for patient selection. Thus, we aimed to determine dose-dependent effects of mandibular advancement on pharyngeal collapsibility and muscle function concurrently in OSA patients undergoing MAS therapy. ⋯ Mandibular advancement reduces pharyngeal collapsibility in a dose-dependent manner without systematically changing genioglossus muscle function in a predominantly obese and severe OSA population. This indicates that the primary mode of action of MAS therapy is via improvement in passive pharyngeal anatomy.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
Sleep Apnea Multilevel Surgery (SAMS) trial protocol: a multicenter randomized clinical trial of upper airway surgery for patients with obstructive sleep apnea who have failed continuous positive airway pressure.
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a serious and costly public health problem. The main medical treatment, continuous positive airway pressure, is efficacious when used, but poorly tolerated in up to 50% of patients. Upper airway reconstructive surgery is available when medical treatments fail but randomized trial evidence supporting its use is limited. This protocol details a randomized controlled trial designed to assess the clinical effectiveness, safety, and cost-effectiveness of a multilevel upper airway surgical procedure for OSA. ⋯ Multilevel airway surgery in patients with moderate-severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) who have failed medical management to assess change in OSA events and daytime sleepiness. https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=366019&isReview=true Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12614000338662, prospectively registered on 31 March 2014.
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We aimed to characterize objective and subjective sleepiness and driving events during short work commutes and examine the impact of circadian and homeostatic factors across different shift types in a shift worker population. Thirty-three nurses were monitored for 2 weeks over day (07:00-15:30), evening (13:00-21:30), and night shifts (21:00-07:30). Sleep was measured via daily sleep logs and wrist actigraphy. ⋯ KSS and sleep-related events increased during drives within ±3 hours of aMT6s acrophase. An interaction between homeostatic and circadian processes was observed, with KSS and sleep-related events highest within ±3 hours of acrophase, when wakefulness was ≥16 hours. In naturalistic conditions, subjective and objective sleepiness and driving events are increased following night shifts, even during short (~30 minutes) commutes and exacerbated by an interaction between circadian phase and duration of wakefulness.
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We examined the association of sociocultural stress severity (i.e. acculturation stress, ethnic discrimination) and chronic stress burden with multiple dimensions of sleep in a population-based sample of US Hispanics/Latinos. We also explored whether employment status modified stress-sleep associations. ⋯ Acculturation stress severity and chronic stress burden are important and consistent correlates of insomnia, but not actigraphically measured sleep dimensions. If replicated, future research should test whether interventions targeting the resolution of sociocultural stress improve sleep quality in Hispanics/Latinos.