Sleep
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Review Meta Analysis
Surgical modifications of the upper airway for obstructive sleep apnea in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
A substantial portion of patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) seek alternatives to positive airway pressure (PAP), the usual first-line treatment for the disorder. One option is upper airway surgery. As an adjunct to the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) Standards of Practice paper, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of literature reporting outcomes following various upper airway surgeries for the treatment of OSA in adults, including maxillomandibular advancement (MMA), pharyngeal surgeries such as uvulopharyngopalatoplasty (UPPP), laser assisted uvulopalatoplasty (LAUP), and radiofrequency ablation (RFA), as well as multi-level and multi-phased procedures. ⋯ Outcomes following pharyngeal surgeries were less consistent; adverse events were reported more commonly. Papers describing positive outcomes associated with newer pharyngeal techniques and multi-level procedures performed in small samples of patients appear promising. Further research is needed to better clarify patient selection, as well as efficacy and safety of upper airway surgery in those with OSA.
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Review Practice Guideline
Practice parameters for the surgical modifications of the upper airway for obstructive sleep apnea in adults.
Practice parameters for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) in adults by surgical modification of the upper airway were first published in 1996 by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (formerly ASDA). The following practice parameters update the previous practice parameters. These recommendations were reviewed and approved by the Board of Directors of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. ⋯ While there has been significant progress made in surgical techniques for the treatment of OSA, there is a lack of rigorous data evaluating surgical modifications of the upper airway. Systematic and methodical investigations are needed to improve the quality of evidence, assess additional outcome measures, determine which populations are most likely to benefit from a particular procedure or procedures, and optimize perioperative care.
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To evaluate insomnia symptoms and the extent to which they are associated with clinical and demographic patient characteristics, daytime symptoms, and functional performance in patients with stable heart failure (HF). ⋯ Insomnia symptoms are common in patients with stable heart failure and are associated with daytime symptoms and decrements in functional performance.
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Many patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are obese, and whether obesity itself explains the increased prevalence of cardiovascular disease in OSA is unknown. We hypothesize that OSA, independent of obesity, contributes to abnormal vascular function. ⋯ In obesity, both OSA and aging impair endothelial function and increase arterial stiffness. The influence of OSA on vascular function is most pronounced in young subjects. OSA, therefore, may be associated with functional impairment ("a premature aging effect") on the endothelium and on arterial stiffness (in men), although skin microcirculatory function appears preserved.