Developmental neuroscience
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Human neocortical molecular layer heterotopia consist of aggregations of hundreds of neurons and glia in the molecular layer (layer I) and are indicative of neuronal migration defect. Despite having been associated with dyslexia, epilepsy, cobblestone lissencephaly, polymicrogyria, and Fukuyama muscular dystrophy, a complete understanding of the cellular and axonal constituents of molecular layer heterotopia is lacking. ⋯ Finally, we document intracortical projections to/from heterotopia. These data are relevant toward understanding how heterotopia affect brain function in diverse neurodevelopmental disorders.