Gynecologic and obstetric investigation
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Gynecol. Obstet. Invest. · Jan 2012
Randomized Controlled TrialTranscutaneous electrical nerve stimulation improves low back pain during pregnancy.
To compare the efficiency of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) with those of exercise and acetaminophen for the treatment of pregnancy-related low back pain (LBP) during the third trimester of pregnancy. ⋯ TENS is an effective and safe treatment modality for LBP during pregnancy. TENS improved LBP more effectively than did exercise and acetaminophen.
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Gynecol. Obstet. Invest. · Jan 2012
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyComparison of low-dose oxytocin and dinoprostone for labor induction in postterm pregnancies: a randomized controlled prospective study.
The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of oxytocin and dinoprostone in achieving successful labor induction and vaginal delivery in postterm women with an unfavorable cervix. ⋯ Both oxytocin and dinoprostone seem to have similar obstetric outcomes in postterm pregnancies with an unfavorable cervix, except for a significant superiority of oxytocin for delivery in a shorter period.
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Gynecol. Obstet. Invest. · Jan 2012
Review Historical ArticleThe special programme of research in human reproduction: forty years of activities to achieve reproductive health for all.
The Special Programme of Research in Human Reproduction (HRP), co-sponsored by the UNDP, UNFPA, WHO, and the World Bank, is celebrating 40 years of activities with an expansion of its mandate and new co-sponsors. When it began, in 1972, the main focus was on evaluating the acceptability, effectiveness, and safety of existing fertility-regulating methods, as well as developing new, improved modalities for family planning. In 1994, HRP not only made major contributions to the Plan of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD); it also broadened its scope of work to include other aspects of health dealing with sexuality and reproduction, adding a specific perspective on gender issues and human rights. ⋯ Today, the work of the Programme includes research on: the sexual and reproductive health of adolescents, women, and men; maternal and perinatal health; reproductive tract and sexually transmitted infections (including HIV/AIDS); family planning; infertility; unsafe abortion; sexual health; screening for cancer of the cervix in developing countries, and gender and reproductive rights. Additional activities by the Programme have included: fostering international cooperation in the field of human reproduction; the elaboration of WHO's first Global Reproductive Health Strategy; work leading to the inclusion of ICPD's goal 'reproductive health for all by 2015' into the Millennium Development Goal framework; the promotion of critical interagency statements on the public health, legal, and human rights implications of female genital mutilation and gender-biased sex selection. Finally, HRP has been involved in the creation of guidelines and tools, such as the 'Medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use', the 'Global handbook for family planning providers', the 'Definition of core competencies in primary health care', and designing tools for operationalizing a human rights approach to sexual and reproductive health programmes.
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Gynecol. Obstet. Invest. · Jan 2012
Chronic pelvic pain syndrome-related diagnoses in an outpatient office setting.
Chronic pelvic pain (CPP) is a syndrome composed of one or more pain diagnoses arising from pelvic organs. Although the prevalence of many individual diagnoses has been determined in a variety of settings, the concurrent assessment of overlapping pain syndromes in an outpatient gynecology clinic, which would be most pertinent to practitioners, has not been reported. ⋯ Although limited by its design as a survey, this study demonstrates that CPP frequently (between 30 and 43%) occurs with other pain syndromes. Clinicians should be prepared to evaluate nongynecologic causes of pelvic pain.
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Gynecol. Obstet. Invest. · Jan 2012
Comparative StudyIn vivo comparison of the effects of bupivacaine and levobupivacaine on the pregnant rat myometrium using electrohysterogram.
The effect of local anesthetics on myometrial contractility during labor analgesia is debatable. We aimed to compare the effects of bupivacaine and levobupivacaine on rat uterine contractility in an in vivo setting. ⋯ Levobupivacaine led to less muscle relaxation compared to bupivacaine and may be a better option for labor analgesia and anesthesia considering uterine contractility.