Japanese journal of clinical oncology
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Jpn. J. Clin. Oncol. · Sep 2018
Secondary bone/soft tissue sarcoma in childhood cancer survivors: a nationwide hospital-based case-series study in Japan.
Secondary cancer is the most life-threatening late effect of childhood cancer. We investigated the clinical features of secondary bone/soft tissue sarcoma among childhood cancer survivors (CCSs). ⋯ The prognoses of CCSs with secondary sarcoma may depend on the primary cancer or prior relapse of primary cancer.
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Jpn. J. Clin. Oncol. · Aug 2018
ReviewNew developments in systemic therapy for advanced biliary tract cancer.
Biliary tract cancer, carcinoma of the extrahepatic bile ducts, carcinoma of the gall bladder, ampullary carcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma are often identified at an advanced stage and have poor prognoses. Although effective chemotherapy regimens are needed, their development remains unsatisfactory. From the results of a phase III clinical trial (ABC-02 trial), gemcitabine plus cisplatin is the standard first-line chemotherapeutic regimen for advanced biliary tract cancer. ⋯ FGFR2 fusion gene, mutations of IDH1/2, BRAF, BRCA1/2, ATM, PIK3CA and overexpression of c-MET and HER2/neu are reported relatively frequently and are interesting targets. Therefore, future development in precision medicine utilizing next-generation sequencing is expected. Although the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as anti-PD-1, anti-PD-L1 and anti-CTLA4 antibodies, remains unknown at present, basic data and results of ongoing clinical trials are anticipated.
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Jpn. J. Clin. Oncol. · Aug 2018
Clinical TrialPalliative pain relief and safety of percutaneous radiofrequency ablation combined with cement injection for bone metastasis.
To investigate the pain relief effect and safety of percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) with a multitined electrode combined with cement injection in patients with painful metastatic bone tumors. ⋯ RFA with or without bone cement is safe and effective in the palliative treatment of pain caused by metastatic bone tumors.
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Jpn. J. Clin. Oncol. · Apr 2018
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyPhase 3 study of ceritinib vs chemotherapy in ALK-rearranged NSCLC patients previously treated with chemotherapy and crizotinib (ASCEND-5): Japanese subset.
In the global, Phase 3, ASCEND-5 study, ceritinib improved progression-free survival (PFS) vs chemotherapy in patients with anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-rearranged non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who had previously progressed on crizotinib and platinum-based chemotherapy. Here, we report efficacy and safety in a subset of Japanese patients from the ASCEND-5 study. ⋯ NCT01828112.
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Immune checkpoint inhibitors have demonstrated significant clinical benefit in many cancers. The clinical benefit afforded by these treatments can be accompanied by a unique and distinct spectrum of adverse events. Recently, several fatal cases of immune checkpoint inhibitor-related myocarditis were reported. ⋯ However, the diagnosis of myocarditis is challenging due to the heterogeneity of clinical presentations. Owing to its early onset, nonspecific symptomatology and fulminant progression, especially when these drugs are used in combination, oncologists should be vigilant for immune checkpoint inhibitor-related myocarditis. With many questions yet to be answered, from basic immune biology to clinical management, future research should aim to optimize the use of these drugs by identifying predictive biomarkers of either a response to therapy or the risks of myocarditis development.