Journal of periodontology
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Journal of periodontology · Oct 1999
Arbitrarily primed-polymerase chain reaction for identification and epidemiologic subtyping of oral isolates of Fusobacterium nucleatum.
Fusobacterium nucleatum is the most frequently isolated bacterium in periodontal disease and plays an important role in serious infections in other parts of the body. Arbitrarily primed-polymerase chain reaction (AP-PCR) was used to construct primers for specific identification and subtyping of F. nucleatum. Subtypes may differ in virulence and, hence, are important as periodontal pathogens. Subtypes also may differ in antibiotic susceptibility; therefore, knowing the subtypes may influence choice of treatment. ⋯ Our results suggest that PCR primer pairs 5059S, FN5047 or M1211 can be used to specifically identify F. nucleatum isolates and distinguish them from other bacteria. The primer pair M8171 could also be used to differentiate F. nucleatum isolated from periodontal patients or healthy individuals. These specific primers can be used in PCR analysis for specific identification of F. nucleatum and to distinguish it from other bacteria associated with human periodontitis. These approaches appear promising in facilitating laboratory identification, molecular subtyping, and taxonomy of putative periodontopathogens.
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Journal of periodontology · Aug 1999
Involvement of cyclooxygenase-2 in interleukin-1alpha-induced prostaglandin production by human periodontal ligament cells.
Human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells produce prostaglandin (PG) E2 in response to proinflammatory cytokines. However, the mechanism of PGE2 production is not well understood. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the involvement of cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2 in PGE2 production by PDL cells stimulated with a proinflammatory cytokine, interleukin-1alpha (IL-1alpha), and to examine the regulation of PGE2 production by cell-cell interaction of human gingival keratinocytes and PDL cells. ⋯ We suggest that PDL cells stimulated with IL-1alpha produce PGE2 through de novo synthesis of COX-2 and that the cell interaction of gingival keratinocytes and PDL cells controls COX-2 expression and PGE2 production via IL-1alpha or 1alpha IL-la-like factor(s). Selective COX-2 inhibitors, which have the advantage of reduced gastric toxicity, may provide a useful approach to treatment of periodontal disease.
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Journal of periodontology · Apr 1999
Case ReportsPronounced palatal and mandibular tori observed in a patient with chronic phenytoin therapy: a case report.
Phenytoin, an anticonvulsant drug for epileptic patients, has many adverse effects, including calvarial thickening and coarsening of the facial features. Previous studies have demonstrated that phenytoin has an anabolic action on bone cells. This report describes pronounced palatal and mandibular tori found in a 45-year-old Japanese man undergoing chronic phenytoin therapy. ⋯ Pronounced osseous outgrowth occurred for the duration of a dose-increase of phenytoin from 1985 to 1997. His parents did not have any palatal or mandibular tori. These facts suggest that these unusual tori may have been the result of chronic phenytoin therapy, rather than association with the familial background.
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Journal of periodontology · Jul 1998
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialComparison of different approaches of interdental oral hygiene: interdental brushes versus dental floss.
The purpose of the present study was to compare in untreated patients suffering from moderate to severe periodontitis the efficacy of dental floss (DF) and interdental brushes (IDB) in the reduction of plaque, gingival inflammation, and probing depth in a 6-week period prior to subgingival debridement. Twenty-six patients (12 female, 14 male; mean age 37.4 years; range 27 to 72 years) were instructed to use DF for one side of the dentition and IDB for the other side as an adjunct to the daily toothbrushing for 6 weeks. Oral hygiene instructions for toothbrushing and the use of the two devices were given at baseline and at week 3. ⋯ In relation to patient acceptance, more problems were observed with DF, and IDB were felt to be more efficacious. In conclusion, the results of the present study indicate that in combination with a manual toothbrush, the use of interdental brushes is more effective in removal of plaque and results in a larger reduction of probing depth than the use of dental floss. Although the differences were small, they indicate, in combination with patient preferences, that interdental brushes are to be considered preferable to floss for interdental plaque removal in patients suffering from moderate to severe periodontitis.
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Journal of periodontology · Dec 1997
Oral food consumption and subgingival microorganisms: subgingival microbiota of gastrostomy tube-fed children and healthy controls.
This study examined the effect of oral food consumption on the prevalence and levels of subgingival bacteria and yeasts in 20 gastrostomy tube-fed children and 24 healthy controls. Microbial identification was carried out using anaerobic culture and 16S rRNA-based PCR identification methods. Streptococcal and Actinomyces species were recovered from 100% and 76% of all subjects and averaged 66% and 11% of total cultivable organisms, respectively. ⋯ In decreasing order of prevalence, PCR identified Treponema denticola, A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. nigrescens, P. intermedia, B. forsythus, and P. gingivalis in 38% to 21% of the subjects studied. Tube-fed children and healthy controls exhibited similar subgingival microbial compositions. It appears from this study that oral food consumption is not a major determinant for the establishment of subgingival microbiota in children.