Annals of emergency medicine
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
The esophageal detector device: a rapid and accurate method for assessing tracheal versus esophageal intubation in a porcine model.
To assess time and accuracy of the esophageal detector device (EDD), disposable end-tidal CO2 monitor (ETCO2), and standard clinical methods for detection of endotracheal tube placement. ⋯ In this porcine model, the EDD and ETCO2 were more accurate than clinical methods in determining endotracheal tube placement. The EDD demonstrated a significant time advantage over both ETCO2 and clinical methods. Prior ventilation of the esophageal tube does not interfere with the accuracy of the EDD.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Use of cardiopulmonary bypass, high-dose epinephrine, and standard-dose epinephrine in resuscitation from post-countershock electromechanical dissociation.
To determine the effects of cardiopulmonary bypass with standard-dose epinephrine, high-dose epinephrine, and standard-dose epinephrine on perfusion pressures, myocardial blood flow, and resuscitation from post-countershock electromechanical dissociation. ⋯ Resuscitation from electromechanical dissociation was improved with cardiopulmonary bypass and epinephrine compared with high-dose epinephrine or standard-dose epinephrine alone. However, there was no difference in survival between groups. Cardiopulmonary bypass with standard-dose epinephrine resulted in higher cardiac output, coronary perfusion pressure, and a trend toward higher myocardial blood flow. A short period of cardiopulmonary bypass with epinephrine after prolonged post-countershock electromechanical dissociation cardiac arrest can re-establish sufficient circulation to effect successful early resuscitation.
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To describe the epidemiology of cardiac arrest in young adults and to determine if there are characteristics unique to this group in terms of etiology, rhythm, and outcome. ⋯ In terms of age, etiology, and rhythm, young adults appear to represent a transitional group between children and older adults.
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The purpose of this study was to observe, measure, and describe the changes in central venous oxygen saturation during CPR and immediately after return of spontaneous circulation. It also was to examine the clinical utility of continuous central venous oxygen saturation monitoring as a indicator of return of spontaneous circulation during CPR in human beings. ⋯ Continuous central venous oxygen saturation monitoring can serve as a reliable indicator of return of spontaneous circulation during CPR in human beings.
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To demonstrate the technique of selective aortic arch perfusion during cardiac arrest and to observe the hemodynamic effects of volume infusion and aortic epinephrine administration. ⋯ Selective aortic arch perfusion is technically feasible, but excessive right atrial pressure increases limit maximal infusion rates and volumes. Selective aortic arch perfusion infusates with epinephrine produce greater midaortic arch pressure and coronary perfusion pressure during infusion than infusate without epinephrine. Controlled studies are needed to determine if selective aortic arch perfusion improves resuscitation outcome.