Annals of emergency medicine
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Because the ability of gastrointestinal decontamination to alter drug absorption varies inversely with time, we compared the time from arrival in the emergency department to gastrointestinal decontamination (gastric lavage or activated charcoal) for patients transported by ambulance with patients transported by other means after overdose. ⋯ Overdose patients transported by ambulance have a shorter time interval from ED arrival to gastrointestinal decontamination than patients arriving by other means. This difference was largely related to more rapid gastric lavage.
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[King JA. NHTSA Notes Commentary: EMS Education Agenda for the Future: Flexner revisited. Ann Emerg Med. June 2000;35:624-625.].
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[Schmidt T. Futility-futilis -the leaky vessel. Ann Emerg Med. June 2000;35:615-617.].