Annals of emergency medicine
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Use of a Rapid Diagnostic for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae for Women in the Emergency Department Can Improve Clinical Management: Report of a Randomized Clinical Trial.
In emergency departments (EDs), diagnosis and treatment of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae are challenging. We conducted a randomized clinical trial to assess rapid C trachomatis and N gonorrhoeae testing on overtreatment and undertreatment of women evaluated for C trachomatis and N gonorrhoeae. ⋯ Rapid C trachomatis and N gonorrhoeae testing in the ED led to a significant reduction in overtreatment for women without infections compared with the standard-of-care control group. Additionally, in the rapid test group there was significant improvement in appropriate treatment for patients with infections.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
The Effect of Tranexamic Acid on Functional Outcomes: An Exploratory Analysis of the CRASH-2 Randomized Controlled Trial.
Tranexamic acid improves survival in severely injured adults. However, its effectiveness on overall functional outcome is unknown. We hypothesized that tranexamic acid improves overall functional outcome compared with placebo in severely injured adults and conduct an exploratory analysis of the Clinical Randomization of an Antifibrinolytic in Significant Haemorrhage (CRASH-2) data to investigate this hypothesis. ⋯ Across 3 exploratory analyses, severely injured adult patients randomized within 3 hours from injury demonstrated better functional outcomes with tranexamic acid compared with placebo. When heterogeneity of treatment effects across risk groups was evaluated, only the lowest-risk group demonstrated a significant effect of tranexamic acid toward favorable outcomes. Given the overall safety and cost-effectiveness of tranexamic acid use in injured adults, our results further support the use of tranexamic acid for this population. Future trauma trials that evaluate tranexamic acid use should also consider functional status as an important outcome.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Evaluating Effectiveness of Nasal Compression With Tranexamic Acid Compared With Simple Nasal Compression and Merocel Packing: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
The primary objective of this study is to compare the effectiveness of 3 treatment protocols to stop anterior epistaxis: classic compression, nasal packing, and local application of tranexamic acid. It also aims to determine the frequency of rebleeding after each of these protocols. ⋯ Applying external compression after administering tranexamic acid through the nostrils by atomizer stops bleeding as effectively as anterior nasal packing using Merocel. In addition, the tranexamic acid approach is superior to Merocel in terms of decreasing rebleeding rates.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Ultrasonographic Guidance to Improve First-Attempt Success in Children With Predicted Difficult Intravenous Access in the Emergency Department: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
We determine whether ultrasonographically guided intravenous line placement improves the rate of first-attempt success by 20% for children with predicted difficult intravenous access. Secondary objectives included determining whether ultrasonographically guided intravenous line placement reduces the attempt number, improves time to access or parental satisfaction, or affects intravenous line survival and complications. ⋯ Ultrasonographically guided intravenous line placement in children with predicted difficult intravenous access improved first-attempt success and intravenous line longevity when conducted by a team of trained providers.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Is Buddy Taping as Effective as Plaster Immobilization for Adults With an Uncomplicated Neck of Fifth Metacarpal Fracture? A Randomized Controlled Trial.
We compare buddy taping with plaster casting for uncomplicated fifth metacarpal (boxer's) fractures. We hypothesize buddy taping will give superior functional outcomes at 12 weeks, defined as a 10-point difference on the Shortened Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (quickDASH) score. ⋯ We found that patients with boxer's fractures who were randomized to buddy taping had functional outcomes similar to those of patients randomized to plaster cast at 12 weeks. We advocate a minimal intervention such as buddy taping for uncomplicated boxer's fractures.