Annals of emergency medicine
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Ultrasound versus radiography in the detection of soft-tissue foreign bodies.
To determine the usefulness of ultrasound and radiography in detecting foreign bodies in soft-tissue models closely duplicating puncture-wound trauma and hand anatomy. ⋯ Ultrasound detection of foreign bodies by skilled operators in this animal model revealed poor sensitivity and specificity. Radiographic detection was highly sensitive for foreign bodies considered radiopaque. Our data suggest that ultrasound should not be relied on to rule out the possibility of a retained foreign body in the distal extremities.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Forced air speeds rewarming in accidental hypothermia.
To compare the rates of rewarming of forced-air and passive insulation as a treatment for accidental hypothermia. ⋯ Forced air accelerated the rate of rewarming without producing apparent complications in hypothermic patients.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Comparison of bupivacaine and lidocaine/bupivacaine for local anesthesia/digital nerve block.
We compared the efficacy, degree of discomfort, and time elapsed before anesthesia of digital block with a combination of 1% lidocaine/.25% bupivacaine and with .25% bupivacaine alone. ⋯ Bupivacaine .25% digital block induces anesthesia in the same period of time and with equivalent pain of injection as a 1:1 lidocaine 1%/bupivacaine .25% combination. It is not necessary to use lidocaine/bupivacaine in an attempt to achieve faster onset of local anesthesia.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of intravenous ketamine in acute asthma.
To evaluate the efficacy of IV ketamine in the management of acute, severe asthma. ⋯ IV ketamine at a dose low enough to avoid dysphoric reactions demonstrated no increased bronchodilatory effect compared with standard therapy in treating exacerbations of asthma in the ED. Although there was a slight increase in satisfaction in the ketamine group, no clinical benefit in terms of hospital admission rate was noted.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Effects of a novel hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier on percent oxygen saturation as determined with arterial blood gas analysis and pulse oximetry.
Hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier 201 (HBOC-201) is a polymerized hemoglobin of bovine origin being developed for use in hemorrhage during surgery or trauma. Pulse oximetry is commonly used in clinical practice to assess percent saturation of hemoglobin (Spo2). The ability to measure Spo2 in the presence of HBOC-201 will be important for the use of this compound in patient care. ⋯ Accurate determinations of Spo2 can be made with pulse oximetry in subjects given HBOC-201 over the normal range of Spo2.