Annals of emergency medicine
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
A comparison of chest compressions between mechanical and manual CPR by monitoring end-tidal PCO2 during human cardiac arrest.
To compare the use of mechanical and manual chest compressions during cardiac arrest based on continuous monitoring of end-tidal PCO2 (PETCO2). ⋯ This study suggests that cardiac output produced with mechanical chest compressions is greater than that produced with manual compressions as demonstrated by the significantly higher PETCO2 levels during mechanical CPR. Reasons for this are unclear. In addition, monitoring of PETCO2 may help optimize chest compressions during CPR.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Comparison of intramuscular meperidine and promethazine with and without chlorpromazine: a randomized, prospective, double-blind trial.
To compare the effectiveness of intramuscular meperidine (2 mg/kg) and promethazine (1 mg/kg) with chlorpromazine (MPC) or without chlorpromazine (MP) (1 mg/kg) for sedation of children undergoing emergency department procedures. ⋯ Elimination of chlorpromazine from the IM combination of meperidine and promethazine for pediatric sedation during ED procedures results in a significant reduction in efficacy.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Comparison of midazolam and diazepam for conscious sedation in the emergency department.
To compare the efficacy of diazepam and midazolam when used for conscious sedation in emergency department patients. ⋯ Diazepam and midazolam are both effective for conscious sedation in ED patients. Midazolam causes less pain on injection, a significantly greater degree of early sedation, and a more rapid return to baseline function.
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Review Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
The use of antiarrhythmics in advanced cardiac life support.
Antiarrhythmic agents have been used to treat malignant ventricular arrhythmias in the setting of acute myocardial ischemia with proven efficacy for many years. Thus, it has been presumed that these agents would be efficacious for the treatment of cardiac arrest. Unfortunately, hard data supporting this contention are unavailable to date. ⋯ However, given the importance of magnesium and potassium levels in the genesis of malignant arrhythmias, their levels in plasma should be assessed, and abnormalities should be promptly corrected. The potential uses of antiarrhythmic agents during advanced cardiac life support span a remarkably diverse number of applications. For the purpose of this review, only the use of these agents during CPR and during the early hours of acute or suspected acute myocardial infarction will be considered.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Dexamethasone as adjuvant therapy for severe acute pharyngitis.
To determine the efficacy of dexamethasone as adjuvant therapy to improve pain relief in patients with severe, acute exudative pharyngitis. ⋯ In patients with severe, acute exudative pharyngitis, single-injection dexamethasone adjuvant compared with placebo resulted in statistically and clinically significant improvement, as evidenced by more rapid onset and greater degree of pain relief.