AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology
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AJNR Am J Neuroradiol · Jun 2005
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma: recognizing the radiographic features in children.
Children often present with enlargement of the nasopharyngeal soft tissues, which is usually due to benign hypertrophy of adenoids. The objective of this report is to emphasize that, although rare, nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) does occur in children and can be diagnosed reliably when certain key radiographic features are recognized. ⋯ Pediatric NPC is generally not suspected clinically until late into the disease process. Awareness that NPC can occur in children should prompt careful evaluation for distinctive radiographic features. Earlier diagnosis may then direct the patient to timely appropriate therapy when these key radiographic features are present and recognized.
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AJNR Am J Neuroradiol · Jun 2005
Endovascular treatment of high-flow carotid cavernous fistulas by stent-assisted coil placement.
Endovascular techniques are the methods of choice for the treatment of patients with carotid cavernous fistulas. We report our experience using stent-assisted coil placement for treatment of patients with high-flow fistulas that are associated with severe laceration of the internal carotid artery. ⋯ In this series of patients with high-flow carotid cavernous fistula associated with severe injury to the internal carotid artery, stent-assisted coil placement offered a safe and effective treatment. Stent-assisted coil placement may increase the ability to successfully treat fistulas with severe injury to the internal carotid artery with preservation of the parent artery.
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The petrous and cavernous segments of the extradural internal carotid artery take a complex course through the skull base before entering the subarachnoid space distal to the cavernous sinus. Despite the protection from trauma afforded by the anatomy, the petrous and carotid internal carotid artery (ICA) segments of the vessel remains subject to disease, the most important of which are aneurysms. Aneurysms affecting the petrous portion of the vessel are extremely uncommon, and presentation with otologic symptoms is unusual. These symptoms include hearing loss, tinnitus, and life threatening hemorrhage. This article emphasizes the need for a high level of suspicion for aneurysm as a potential cause for otologic symptoms. We report and discuss three cases of petrous carotid aneurysms with otologic manifestations to increase the awareness and aid in the diagnosis and treatment of this uncommon disorder. ⋯ Petrous carotid aneurysms are rare, and presentation with otologic symptoms is unusual. Awareness of these lesions as a cause of otologic symptoms, however, is highly important. These cases also illustrate the usefulness of endovascular treatments for aneurysms of the petrous portion of the internal carotid artery, which are extremely difficult to treat by using an open surgical approach.
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AJNR Am J Neuroradiol · Jun 2005
Three-dimensional dynamic MR digital subtraction angiography using sensitivity encoding for the evaluation of intracranial arteriovenous malformations: a preliminary study.
Our aim was to develop 3D dynamic MR digital subtraction angiography with high temporal resolution without sacrificing spatial resolution by using sensitivity encoding for the evaluation of cerebral arteriovenous malformations. ⋯ Our preliminary study demonstrates that 3D dynamic MR digital subtraction angiography using sensitivity encoding with a high spatial resolution is appropriate for the assessment of arteriovenous malformations.
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AJNR Am J Neuroradiol · Jun 2005
Comparative StudyRetrograde cortical and deep venous drainage in patients with intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas: comparison of MR imaging and angiographic findings.
We assessed MR imaging, specifically contrast-enhanced three-dimensional (3D) magnetization-prepared rapid gradient-echo (MP-RAGE), in evaluating retrograde venous drainage in patients with intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVFs) that may result in catastrophic venous infarction or hemorrhage. ⋯ Enhanced MR images were superior to nonenhanced images in assessing retrograde venous drainage in intracranial dAVFs. Enhanced 3D MP-RAGE is superior to enhanced T1-weighted SE imaging for determining the route and severity of venous reflux because of its increased spatial resolution and ability to contiguously delineate the venous system.