American journal of infection control
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Am J Infect Control · Jul 2015
Review Meta AnalysisImpact of antibiotic- and silver-impregnated external ventricular drains on the risk of infections: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
External ventricular drainage (EVD) is one of the most common and effective procedures in neurosurgery practice. However, catheter-related infection (CRI), which is associated with significant mortality and morbidity, plagues this procedure. We evaluated the efficacy of antibiotic-impregnated EVD (AI-EVD) and silver-impregnated EVD (SI-EVD) catheters compared with plain EVD catheters for the prevention of CRI. ⋯ Our restults indicate that both AI-EVDs and SI-EVDs are more effective than plain EVDs for the prevention of CRI. There is no conclusive evidence on the preference of AI-EVDs vs SI-EVDs because of insufficient data. Further well-designed, multicenter randomized controlled trials are required to confirm the findings of this meta-analysis.
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Am J Infect Control · Jul 2015
Catheter-associated urinary tract infection: Role of the setting of catheter insertion.
This study aimed to describe the epidemiology of catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) in patients admitted to a surgical ward in Central Italy and to analyze the associated risk factors. ⋯ These results highlight the role played by the setting of catheter insertion in CAUTIs onset, therefore reflecting the importance of hand hygiene and proper aseptic insertion techniques as crucial determinants in CAUTIs prevention.
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Am J Infect Control · Jul 2015
Frequency-risk and duration-risk relations between occupational livestock contact and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carriage among workers in Guangdong, China.
Increasing evidence indicates a strong association between occupational livestock contact and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) carriage. However, it remains unclear whether there are frequency-risk and duration-risk relations between occupational livestock contact and human MRSA carriage. ⋯ Our findings suggest that there may be dose-response relations between occupational livestock contact and human MRSA carriage. Nasal MRSA clonal complex 9 is not found in controls, but it is found in workers with livestock contact.
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Am J Infect Control · Jul 2015
Ebola infection control in Sierra Leonean health clinics: A large cross-agency cooperative project.
The Ebola virus disease outbreak occurring in West Africa has resulted in at least 199 cases of Ebola in Sierra Leonean health care workers, many as a result of transmission occurring in health facilities. The Ministry of Health and Sanitation of Sierra Leone recognized that improvements in infection prevention and control (IPC) were necessary at all levels of health care delivery. To this end, the U. ⋯ A tiered training of trainers program was used. Trainers conducted multiday trainings at PHUs and coordinated the delivery of personal protective equipment (gloves, gowns, masks, boots) and infection control supplies (chlorine, buckets, disposable rags, etc) to all PHU staff. Under the ongoing project, 4,264 health workers have already been trained, and 98% of PHUs have received their first shipment of supplies.
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Am J Infect Control · Jun 2015
Chlorhexidine daily bathing: impact on health care-associated infections caused by gram-negative bacteria.
Health care-associated infections (HAIs) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Our objective was to evaluate the impact of daily bathing with chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) on the incidence rates of HAIs, with a focus on their causative bacteria, in a French ICU. ⋯ CHG daily cleansing reduced the incidence rate of HAI caused by gram-negative bacteria, highlighting the role of the transient gram-negative bacteria skin colonization in the pathogenesis of HAI.