American journal of infection control
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Am J Infect Control · Jun 2012
International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) report, data summary of 36 countries, for 2004-2009.
The results of a surveillance study conducted by the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) from January 2004 through December 2009 in 422 intensive care units (ICUs) of 36 countries in Latin America, Asia, Africa, and Europe are reported. During the 6-year study period, using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN; formerly the National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance system [NNIS]) definitions for device-associated health care-associated infections, we gathered prospective data from 313,008 patients hospitalized in the consortium's ICUs for an aggregate of 2,194,897 ICU bed-days. ⋯ The overall rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia also was far higher (15.8 vs 3.3 per 1,000 ventilator-days), as was the rate of catheter-associated urinary tract infection (6.3 vs. 3.3 per 1,000 catheter-days). Notably, the frequencies of resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates to imipenem (47.2% vs 23.0%), Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates to ceftazidime (76.3% vs 27.1%), Escherichia coli isolates to ceftazidime (66.7% vs 8.1%), Staphylococcus aureus isolates to methicillin (84.4% vs 56.8%), were also higher in the consortium's ICUs, and the crude unadjusted excess mortalities of device-related infections ranged from 7.3% (for catheter-associated urinary tract infection) to 15.2% (for ventilator-associated pneumonia).
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Am J Infect Control · Jun 2012
Epidemiology of respiratory viruses in children admitted to an infant/toddler unit.
This study examined the prevalence of common respiratory viruses in an infant/toddler cohort tested as part of a comprehensive strategy to prevent nosocomial respiratory virus transmission and measured the unrecognized reservoir of viruses in children without common respiratory virus symptoms.
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Am J Infect Control · May 2012
Effect of single- versus double-gloving on virus transfer to health care workers' skin and clothing during removal of personal protective equipment.
The removal of personal protective equipment (PPE) after patient care may result in transfer of virus to hands and clothing of health care workers (HCWs). The risk of transfer can be modeled using harmless viruses to obtain quantitative data. To determine whether double-gloving reduces virus transfer to HCWs' hands and clothing during removal of contaminated PPE, we conducted a human challenge study using bacteriophages to compare the frequency and quantity of virus transfer to hands and clothes during PPE removal with single-gloving and double-gloving technique. ⋯ Our comparison of double-gloving and single-gloving using a simulation system with MS2 and a most-probable number method suggests that double gloving can reduce the risk of viral contamination of HCWs' hands during PPE removal. If incorporated into practice when full PPE is worn, this practice may reduce the risk of viral contamination of HCWs' hands during PPE removal. The use of double gloves should be explored in larger controlled studies.
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Am J Infect Control · May 2012
Effect of surgical site infections with waterless and traditional hand scrubbing protocols on bacterial growth.
Alcohol-based antiseptic scrub formulation has long been used for hand cleansing in the operating room. Recently, a waterless surgical scrub formulation containing 1% chlorhexidine gluconate was developed to provide a comparable antiseptic effect. The present study explored the scrub time required when using waterless hand scrub and traditional hand scrub formulations for operating room staff and compared bacterial growth on the hands after surgical hand scrubbing in the 2 groups. ⋯ Our findings suggest that waterless hand scrub is as effective as traditional hand scrub in cleansing the hands of microorganisms and more efficient in terms of scrub time.