Journal of developmental and behavioral pediatrics : JDBP
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J Dev Behav Pediatr · Feb 1993
Meta AnalysisResearch on the effect of experimental interventions on children's behavior after hospitalization: a review and synthesis.
Despite continued interest in ameliorating the posthospital psychological effects of hospitalization on children, there have been no analytic reviews of the research on this topic. The present study synthesized all known research that evaluated experimental interventions through the use of the Posthospital Behavior Questionnaire (PHBQ), by far the most commonly used method of examining posthospital behavior. The mean weighted effect size (ES) was +.44, Confidence Interval (CI).95 = +/- .10. ⋯ Analyses of ES moderators indicated significant variations (p < .05) associated with (1) the year of the report, (2) questionnaire format, (3) study design, (4) variations in experimental treatment, (5) subject's age, and (6) length of hospitalization. Psychoeducational preparation was not effective with younger children. The benefits of experimental interventions persisted up to 4 weeks after discharge.
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J Dev Behav Pediatr · Dec 1992
60- and 72-month follow-up of children prenatally exposed to marijuana, cigarettes, and alcohol: cognitive and language assessment.
Cognitive and receptive language development were examined in 135 60-month-old and 137 72-month-old children for whom prenatal exposure to marijuana, cigarettes, and alcohol had been ascertained. Discriminant Function analysis revealed an association between prenatal cigarette exposure and lower cognitive and receptive language scores at 60 and 72 months. ⋯ Relatively low levels of maternal alcohol consumption did not have significant relationships with the outcome variables. The importance of assessing subtle components rather than global cognitive and language skills to detect potential behavioral teratogenic effects of the drugs being examined is discussed.
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Bereavement responses were assessed in 45 parents whose children died 6 months to 4 years earlier. Correlational analyses were used to determine which demographic and experiential variables were related to parental responses on 10 scales of the Grief Experiences Inventory (GEI). ⋯ Social support and stress since the child's death and fate-blame versus self-blame were also related to parental responses on specific GEI scales. Clinical implications for work with bereaved parents are discussed.
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Child maltreatment is a growing problem faced by pediatricians; however, there are many deficiencies in pediatricians' relevant knowledge and skills. Residency programs typically have included limited teaching in the area of child maltreatment. ⋯ The course resulted in significant short-term improvements in knowledge and skills as well as a greater sense of competence in managing cases of child maltreatment. The importance of teaching pediatric residents about the "new morbidity" is discussed.