Journal of tropical pediatrics
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This study was designed to examine the rates of HIV serostatus disclosure in a sample of HIV-infected children in the state of Karnataka in South India, their reactions to learning their HIV-positive status and the reasons for and barriers to disclosure from the point of view of their caregivers. We enrolled 233 HIV-infected children, aged 5-18 years and their caregivers between July 2011 and February 2013 at HIV clinics in three tertiary care centers. Caregiver interviews included information about demographic characteristics, medical history, type of disclosure to the child and other related factors, including disclosure barriers. ⋯ The majority of children who learned their status had been informed by a health-care provider, possibly reflecting the difficulty for a caregiver of having this conversation. The caregivers reported multiple disadvantages of disclosure, mostly because of fears of stigma and discrimination. Despite some evidence from the literature that disclosure can have positive effects on a child's health, it is thus clear that we need to develop, implement and evaluate community-based stigma reduction programs to reduce the social barriers to disclosure.
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The aim of this study was to describe the effect of factors on time to reach a pulse oxygen saturation (SpO2) level of 90% in preterm infants in the delivery room. ⋯ Differences in achievement of target saturation level were influenced by multiple factors (birth way, probe location, maternal smoking and umbilical blood gas pH) in the delivery room during resuscitation of preterm babies.
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In February 2016, the World Health Organization declared Zika virus (ZIKV) infection a public health emergency of international concern, given the precipitous spread of the virus across the Americas. Unlike arboviruses such as Chikungunya and Dengue, which have also recently emerged in the western hemisphere, ZIKV was identified in communities where concurrent neurologic conditions such as microcephaly and Guillain-Barre (GB) syndrome were occurring at alarming rates. Thus, investigations to systematically evaluate the link between ZIKV, congenital malformations (including microcephaly) and GB syndrome remain a top priority.
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Nail scabies is an interesting clinical presentation of scabies. Although it is usually found concomitant with characteristic dermatologic manifestations, it may present as an isolated finding in the immunocompromised host. ⋯ We report two cases of unusual nail presentations that provide clues to diagnosis. Also, literature on unusual nail and dermatologic presentations was reviewed to recognize dermatologist consideration for appropriate treatment options.