La Revue de médecine interne
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While the prevalence of diabetes continues to rise worldwide, with 537 million adults aged 20-79-years-old having diabetes in 2021, the development of new therapeutic classes improving not only glycemic control but also kidney function and cardiovascular prevention has revolutionized patient care. Today, the treatment of diabetes is no longer just the treatment of blood sugar level. ⋯ As for lifestyle rules and metformin, they remain the cornerstone of treatment. Knowledge of antidiabetic effects in terms of efficacy and hypoglycemic risk, of cardiovascular, nephroprotective and weight effects is essential to optimize the management of diabetic patients today.
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Chronic elevation of transaminases is recurring issue in primary care. This article aims to be practical. ⋯ Then, we will go further in less frequent causes, extra-hepatic causes and additional tests. We will precise what is the role of general practitioner in this care pathway and when to address patient to specialist.
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Celiac disease is a frequent auto-immune disease characterized by villous atrophy related to gluten intake in patients with genetic susceptiblity. Patients do not present symptoms in the majority of cases. Presence of the disease must be investigated in case of digestive symptoms or presence of auto-immune disease. ⋯ The only available treatment is gluten-free diet. Associated auto-immune diseases must be investigated, especially thyroiditis. Complications related to nutritional deficiency must be accounted for also.
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Giant-cell arteritis (GCA) is a classical cause of chronical inflammation (CI) in the elderly, causing headaches, scalp hypersensitivity and jaw claudication. We describe a patient with a GCA revealed with a year-long biological inflammation and weight loss. ⋯ No treatment was intended as the patient had a spontaneous remission, maintained at one year of follow-up. This case highlights the benefit of a systematic temporal artery biopsy to explore CI and reminds us that GCA may undergo spontaneous remission.
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Pertussis is a respiratory disease that can be fatal at all ages but especially in infants before their mandatory vaccination. Recent epidemiological data shows a decrease in the number of pertussis cases, but a resurgence cannot be excluded in the coming years due to the cyclic evolution of the disease and the loosening of hygiene measures. ⋯ The vaccination of the mother during pregnancy is more effective. The uncertain risk of chorioamniotitis associated with vaccination during pregnancy is insufficient to question this strategy.