Fortschritte der Neurologie-Psychiatrie
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Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a common and relevant side effect of antineoplastic agents such as cisplatin, paclitaxel, vincristine and bortezomib. Over the last years, significant progress has been achieved in elucidating the underlying pathomechanisms of CIPN using both in vivo and in vitro models. ⋯ This review provides an overview of the current pathogenetic concepts of CIPN. In addition, experimental approaches that aim at preventing or ameliorating neurotoxic effects of antineoplastic agents are discussed.
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Neurocysticercosis is a leading cause of acquired epilepsy worldwide and endemic in underdeveloped and developing regions. As a result of increased migration and traveling, cases of neurocysticercosis reach Europe more frequently. Neurological symptoms are multifarious and often nonspecific, so that neurocysticercosis poses a diagnostic challenge. We report a case of a patient in whom the diagnosis of neurocysticercosis was achieved quickly via the patient's history, neuroimaging and serology.
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Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr · Apr 2015
Review Meta Analysis[Synthetic cannabinoids: spread, addiction biology & current perspective of personal health hazard].
Among the new psychoactive substances (NPS), most frequently synthetic cannabinoids (SCBs) have been found in Europe. These are sold as active compounds in e. g. so-called "herbal blends". When inhaled or ingested, besides intoxication symptoms, as they occur with heavy cannabis use (e. g., tachycardia, myocardial infarction, confusion, hallucinations, panic attacks, and paranoia), harmful effects (severe agitation, coma, catatonic stupor, hypertension, cardiac arrhythmia, dyspnoea, seizures, myoclonus, rhabdomyolysis, hyperthermia, diaphoresis, acute kidney injury, vomiting, headache, and hypokalemia) arise, which are mostly unusual about cannabis use. ⋯ However, the toxicity of SCBs, is significantly greater than the toxicity of cannabis, thus being similar to that of synthetic cathinones and benzodiazepines. The addiction potential appears to be lower than that of synthetic cathinones, benzodiazepines, or cannabis. Due to the fluctuation of substances and the availability in internet resources, legislation is facing a serious "hare-hedgehog" problem to control the manufacture, trade and possession of SCBs.
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Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr · Mar 2015
Case Reports[Tizanidine withdrawal symptoms in stress cardiomyopathy].
An acute discontinuation of tizanidine, an alpha-2-agonistic muscle relaxant, is associated with reflex tachycardia, hypertension, tremor, hypertonicity and anxiety. ⋯ Central muscle relaxants like tizanidine might have an impact on the development of delirium. Tizanidine withdrawal should be considered in patients who manifest signs and symptoms of withdrawal from medications. The drug should be gradually reduced in dosage under observation by a psychiatrist. When prescribing tizanidine, the possible pharmacological side effects and interactions should be taken into careful account.
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The Department of Neurology at the Medical University Graz has implemented a multiprofessional pain management concept and evaluated the outcome by means of a patient survey. ⋯ Pain is an important problem for neurological inpatients. Nocturnal pain, pain induced by mobilisation, and pain therapy for patients with degenerative diseases of the spine without radiculopathy require particular attention.