American journal of nephrology
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Sickle cell trait (SCT) is common among African Americans and has been historically considered to be benign. Recently, SCT has been associated with an increased risk for chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cardiovascular disease in the general population. Our understanding of SCT has been extrapolated largely from data of patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). Notably, in SCD, the outcomes differ by sex. The effect of SCT on cardiovascular risk in the African American CKD population is unknown, and the interaction between SCT and sex on cardiovascular risk has not been investigated. ⋯ SCT is associated with an increased risk for CAD in African American males with CKD. The excess risk in males with SCT appears to follow the same pattern as risk in males with SCD. Larger studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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Comparative Study
Trends in Opioid Prescribing Among Hemodialysis Patients, 2007-2014.
Hemodialysis (HD) patients frequently experience pain. Previous studies of HD patients suggest increased opioid prescribing through 2010. It remains unclear if this trend continued after 2010 or declined with national trends. ⋯ Opioid prescribing among HD patients declined between 2012 and 2014. However, HD patients continue receiving substantially more opioids than the general US population.
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Multicenter Study
Long-Term Efficacy and Safety of Molidustat for Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease: DIALOGUE Extension Studies.
Molidustat, a novel hypoxia-inducible factor-prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor, is being investigated for the treatment of anemia associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The efficacy and safety of molidustat were recently evaluated in three 16-week phase 2b studies. Here, we report the results of two long-term extension studies of molidustat. ⋯ Molidustat was well tolerated for up to 36 months and appears to be an effective alternative to darbepoetin and epoetin in the long-term management of anemia associated with CKD.
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Observational Study
Modifying Effect of Statins on Fatal Outcomes in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients in the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial: A Post Hoc Analysis.
Management of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients includes efforts directed toward modifying traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Such efforts include optimal management of hypertension together with the initiation of statin therapy. ⋯ The combination of statin therapy and intensive SBP management leads to improved survival in hypertensive patients with CKD.
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Observational Study
Costs Attributable to Arteriovenous Fistula and Arteriovenous Graft Placements in Hemodialysis Patients with Medicare coverage.
Hemodialysis (HD) in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients requires vascular access (VA) through an arteriovenous fistula (AVF), a prosthetic arteriovenous graft (AVG), or a central venous catheter. While AVF or AVG is commonly used for HD, the economic implications of AVF versus AVG use have not been fully established. We describe the healthcare resource utilization and costs of AVF and AVG use for incident ESRD patients in the United States. ⋯ This study indicates that costs due to VA are a significant burden on Medicare budgets and on patients. The factors driving access-related utilization and costs merit attention in future research. Both optimizing process of care and discovery innovation may significantly accelerate better stewardship of available healthcare resources.