Pharmacotherapy
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Aerosolized ceftazidime for prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia and drug effects on the proinflammatory response in critically ill trauma patients.
To evaluate the safety and efficacy of aerosolized ceftazidime for prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and to evaluate the effects of the drug on the proinflammatory response. ⋯ Aerosolized ceftazidime decreased the frequency of VAP in critically ill trauma patients, without adversely affecting ICU flora. Aerosolized ceftazidime also may attenuate the proinflammatory response in the lung.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation of two dosing regimens for piperacillin-tazobactam.
To compare the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of two dosing regimens for piperacillin-tazobactam against commonly encountered pathogens. The regimens compared were piperacillin 4.0 g-tazobactam 0.5 g administered every 8 hours, and piperacillin 3.0 g-tazobactam 0.375 g administered every 6 hours. ⋯ Although statistically significant differences in the pharmacodynamic profile were noted for the regimens, both provide adequate T>MIC against commonly encountered pathogens considered susceptible to piperacillin-tazobactam. However, for treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection, combination therapy or higher-dosage regimens (e.g., piperacillin 3.0 g-tazobactam 0.375 g every 4 hours, piperacillin 4.0 g-tazobactam 0.5 g every 6 hours, or continuous-infusion piperacillin 12 g-tazobactam 1.5 g/day) may be a prudent option when full MIC data are unavailable.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Assessment of a community pharmacy-based program for patients with asthma.
To implement and assess a community-based pharmaceutical care program for patients with asthma. ⋯ A community-based pharmaceutical care program was appreciated by the participants and had a positive impact on the vitality of patients with asthma, inhaler technique, and PEE.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Evaluation of electrocardiographic and hemodynamic effects of caffeine with acute dosing in healthy volunteers.
To evaluate the effects of moderate, single-dose caffeine consumption on electrocardiographic variables: PR, QRS, QT, QTc, and RR intervals, and QT and QTc interval dispersion. Effects of caffeine on blood pressure and heart rate also were evaluated. ⋯ Moderate caffeine consumption by healthy young adults does not acutely affect PR, QRS, QT, QTc, and RR intervals, or QT and QTc interval dispersion. Caffeine-naive subjects experienced persistent elevations in SBP and DBP 3 hours after caffeine ingestion, indicating that longer caffeine abstinence than that which is recommended is necessary for blood pressure determination in the clinical setting.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Comparison of length of hospital stay for patients with known or suspected methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus species infections treated with linezolid or vancomycin: a randomized, multicenter trial.
To compare hospital length of stay (LOS), weekly discharges, and days of antibiotic treatment with linezolid (intravenous with oral follow-up) and vancomycin (intravenous only). ⋯ Our results support linezolid's ability to reduce medical resource use.