Veterinary surgery : VS
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Veterinary surgery : VS · Sep 1996
Cephalad distribution of three differing volumes of new methylene blue injected into the epidural space in adult goats.
Epidural anesthesia and analgesia are popular regional anesthetic techniques in many animal species. However, we have not found any reports of studies in animals that have investigated the extent of cephalad migration and level of sensory blockade achieved based only on the volume of drug injected into the epidural space. The purpose of this study was to determine if there is a relationship between the volume (mL/kg) of an injectate injected epidurally and the extent of its cephalad migration within the epidural space. ⋯ Linear regression performed on the data was significant (P < .05) with R2 = 0.86. There was a strong linear relationship between volume (mL/kg) of epidurally injected NMB and cranial migration, with the larger volumes producing more cephalad spread within the epidural space. These results provide evidence for the volume of epidural injectate needed to produce a desired level of sensory blockade in adult goats.
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Veterinary surgery : VS · May 1996
Comparative StudyComparisons of sevoflurane, isoflurane, and halothane anesthesia in spontaneously breathing cats.
The clinical effects of sevoflurane, isoflurane, and halothane anesthesia with or without nitrous oxide, were compared in healthy, premedicated cats breathing spontaneously during 90 minutes of anesthesia. The effect of nitrous oxide in accelerating the induction of and recovery from anesthesia was more evident for halothane than for sevoflurane or isoflurane. The cats recovered more rapidly from sevoflurane-oxygen than from either halothane- or isoflurane-oxygen. ⋯ The degree of hypercapnia and acidosis during sevoflurane anesthesia was similar to that observed during isoflurane anesthesia and less than during halothane anesthesia. The three anesthetic regimens, with or without nitrous oxide, induced a similar degree of hyperglycemia and hemodilution during anesthesia. Serum biochemical examination did not reveal any hepatic or renal injuries after each anesthesia.
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Veterinary surgery : VS · May 1996
Influence of vaporizer setting on mask induction of dogs with isoflurane using an in-circuit vaporizer.
The speed of mask induction using an in-circuit vaporizer may be influenced by vaporizer setting. To investigate this in clinical patients, 18 dogs were randomly assigned to one of three groups. Each dog was premedicated and then mask induced with isoflurane using a Stephen's in-circuit vaporizer set at 1/2, 3/4, or full ON. ⋯ At settings of 3/4 and full ON, inspired isoflurane concentrations at time of intubation ranged from 3.3% to 8.25%, and were significantly higher than those resulting from the 1/2 setting (range 2.1% to 4.6%). We conclude that it may be preferable to avoid settings greater than 1/2 when using the Stephen's vaporizer for mask induction because of the potential adverse effects of high inspired inhalant anesthetic concentrations. In addition, use of higher vaporizer settings may not significantly speed induction.
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Veterinary surgery : VS · Mar 1996
Cardiovascular and pulmonary effects of sevoflurane anesthesia in horses.
The effects of 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of sevoflurane on hemodynamic, pulmonary and blood chemistry variables were measured during spontaneous and controlled ventilation in healthy horses. Sevoflurane was the only anesthetic drug administered to the horses. In a dose-dependent manner, sevoflurane significantly decreased (P < .05) mean arterial blood pressure, cardiac output, and stroke volume. ⋯ All blood chemistries remained within normal limits. Recovery from anesthesia was without incident. In conclusion, sevoflurane induces a dose-dependent decrease in hemodynamic variables and pulmonary function in horses that is not greatly different from that of other approved inhalant anesthetics.
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Veterinary surgery : VS · Jan 1996
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialPostoperative analgesia for stifle surgery: a comparison of intra-articular bupivacaine, morphine, or saline.
A prospective study was undertaken to compare the analgesic effect of intra-articular bupivacaine, morphine, or saline in the 24-hour period following cranial cruciate ligament repair in dogs. Thirty-six clinical patients with ruptured cranial cruciate ligaments were randomly assigned to one of three groups. After surgical stabilization, and before skin closure, an intra-articular injection was given; group one (n = 12) received 0.5% bupivacaine HCl at 0.5 mL/kg, group two (n = 12) received morphine at 0.1 mg/kg diluted with saline to a volume of 0.5 mL/kg, and group three (n = 12) received saline at 0.5 mL/kg. ⋯ Dogs in the morphine and bupivacaine groups required less supplemental analgesia than dogs in the saline group. The local provision of analgesia reduces the need for systemic drugs with potential side effects. Both intra-articular morphine and intra-articular bupivacaine provided better postoperative analgesia than intra-articular saline, with intra-articular bupivacaine showing the greatest effect.