Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv für klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie
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Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol. · May 2005
Optical coherence tomography can measure axonal loss in patients with ethambutol-induced optic neuropathy.
To map and identify the pattern, in vivo, of axonal degeneration in ethambutol-induced optic neuropathy using optical coherence tomography (OCT). Ethambutol is an antimycobacterial agent often used to treat tuberculosis. A serious complication of ethambutol is an optic neuropathy that impairs visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and color vision. However, early on, when the toxic optic neuropathy is mild and partly reversible, the funduscopic findings are often subtle and easy to miss. ⋯ The OCT results in these patients with EMB-induced optic neuropathy show considerable loss especially of the temporal fibers. This is consistent with prior histopathological studies that show predominant loss of parvo-cellular axons (or small-caliber axons) within the papillo-macular bundle in toxic or hereditary optic neuropathies. OCT can be a valuable tool in the quantitative analysis of optic neuropathies. Additionally, in terms of management of EMB-induced optic neuropathy, it is important to properly manage ethambutol dosing in patients with renal impairment and to achieve proper transition to a maintenance dose once an appropriate loading dose has been reached.
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Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol. · Apr 2005
Case ReportsScleral and corneal laceration with iris prolapse caused by an eagle claw.
To describe the visual rehabilitation after surgical treatment of an ocular injury sustained during an attack by a bird of prey. ⋯ A bird of prey, even though caged, can injure an eye in humans. With immediate surgical treatment, good visual rehabilitation was achieved in this case. It should be reiterated that spectacles offer no protection against ocular trauma in these cases.
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Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol. · Dec 2004
Color Doppler imaging in optic neuritis with multiple sclerosis.
To evaluate the retrobulbar hemodynamics in eyes with optic neuritis with multiple sclerosis and to compare these values with those of the unaffected fellow eyes and healthy control eyes. ⋯ This study suggests that optic neuritis with multiple sclerosis is associated with impaired retrobulbar hemodynamics, especially in the posterior ciliary and central retinal arteries when compared with the contralateral unaffected eyes as well as healthy control eyes.
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Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol. · Sep 2004
Review Case ReportsUnilateral adult malignant optic nerve glioma.
Adult malignant optic nerve gliomas are rare and rapidly fatal visual pathway tumours. They represent a clinical entity different from the more common childhood benign optic nerve gliomas, which are frequently associated with neurofibromatosis I. ⋯ Unilateral adult malignant glioma of the optic nerve is exceptional. The final diagnosis was only confirmed by optic nerve biopsy. In the literature, only one patient has been reported with a unilateral tumour manifestation; he was lost to follow-up 3 months later. All other cases were bilateral. To date, 44 case reports of adult malignant optic nerve glioma have been published, either malignant astrocytoma or glioblastoma. These tumours can mimic optic neuritis in their initial presentation. The diagnosis is seldom made before craniotomy. On MRI images, malignant glioma cannot be distinguished from optic nerve enlargement due to other causes. Although radiotherapy appears to prolong life expectancy, all presently available treatment options (radiation, surgery, radio-chemotherapy) are of limited value. Most patients go blind and die within 1 or 2 years.
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Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol. · Jan 2004
Scotopic pupil size in a normal pediatric population using infrared pupillometry.
To determine scotopic pupil diameter in a normal pediatric population. ⋯ The scotopic pupil diameter in a pediatric population increases with age until the age of 11 years and then decreases again.