Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv für klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie
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Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol. · Aug 1998
The influence of iris color on the pupillary light reflex.
This study was carried out to investigate the effect of iris color on the pupillary light reflex (PLR) in normal healthy volunteers. ⋯ Pupillary contraction amplitude and velocity depended on iris color, whereas pupil size and latency time were independent of iris color. Therefore, iris color might be considered when, evaluating pupillary movements in pupil perimetry.
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Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol. · Apr 1997
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialComparison of two botulinum-toxin preparations in the treatment of essential blepharospasm.
A double-blind study was performed on 212 consecutive patients (58 men, 154 women) with essential blepharospasm, who received one injection of Botox and one injection of Dysport in two separate treatment sessions (at the first session the patients randomly received one of the drugs, at the second the other drug was given. The patients' mean age was 66.4 years +/- 8.14 (range 39-86 years). The average dose of Botox per treatment was 45.4 IU +/- 13.3 (range 25-85 IU) and of Dysport 182.1 IU +/- 55.1 (range 100-340 IU). ⋯ The total number of side effects was lower with Botox than with Dysport; the significance of the difference was moderate (P < 0.05). However, the rate of occurrence of ptosis was significantly lower with Botox (P < 0.01). The bioequivalence, which varies between 1:3 and 1:6 (Botox:Dysport) in the literature, was found to be 1:4 in this study.
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Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol. · Mar 1996
Comparative StudyThe mydriatic effect of topical glycopyrrolate.
Glycopyrrolate, an anticholinergic agent that does not cross the blood-brain barrier, has several indications, but its mydriatic effect has never been tested. This study was carried out in order to compare the mydriatic effect of glycopyrrolate 0.5% to that of atropine sulfate 1%. ⋯ Glycopyrrolate solution has the potential to deliver an ocular anticholinergic effect without causing associated central anticholinergic hazards.
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Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol. · Apr 1994
Comparative StudyIntravenous cefazolin in penetrating eye injuries. I. Effects of trauma and multiple doses on intraocular delivery.
The poor intraocular penetration of systemically administered antibiotics has raised questions regarding their usefulness as prophylactic agents in the management of penetrating eye injuries. Cefazolin was administered intravenously to rabbits with penetrating eye injuries to determine the influence of trauma on ocular pharmacokinetics. Following a standardized penetrating eye injury in 27 New Zealand white rabbits, animals were divided into three groups that received either three, six, or nine doses of intravenous cefazolin every 8 h. ⋯ After six doses of intravenous cefazolin, vitreous concentrations in traumatized eyes averaged 7.3 mg/l; cefazolin levels in non-injured eyes were 0.6 mg/l in the non-traumatized eyes (P < 0.0005). After nine doses, vitreous cefazolin concentrations in traumatized eyes averaged 9.7 mg/l, while mean levels in the non-traumatized eyes were all 0.05 mg/l (P < 0.0002). This work suggests that penetrating injuries of the eye alter ocular pharmacokinetics, resulting in high intraocular concentrations of systemically administered cefazolin.
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Graefes Arch. Clin. Exp. Ophthalmol. · Jul 1993
Case ReportsLate traction detachment in retinopathy of prematurity or ROP-like cases.
Five cases of traction retinal detachment occurring later in life as a sequel of cicatricial retinopathy of prematurity or showing the clinical picture of retinopathy of prematurity are reported. They presented with taut membranes in vitreous cavity, causing traction retinal detachment, and often showed preretinal membranes. ⋯ It is likely that chronic exudation from vascular abnormalities is a stimulus for this proliferation. These cases are very similar to other vitreoretinal proliferations in association with vascular abnormalities (Coats' and von Hippel disease, exudative vitreoretinopathy).