Clinical rheumatology
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Clinical rheumatology · Nov 2002
Case ReportsSupraclavicular and axillary lymphadenopathy as the initial manifestation in Wegener's granulomatosis.
Wegener's granulomatosis (WG) is a systemic granulomatous vasculitis that typically affects the upper airways, lungs and kidneys. Lymphadenopathy is rare in patients with WG. Here, we present the first case of WG whose initial manifestation was superficial lymphadenopathy (i.e. supraclavicular and axillary lymphadenopathy). ⋯ Biopsy specimens obtained from supraclavicular lymph nodes and lung demonstrated granulomatous vasculitis. This patient was negative for classic antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (c-ANCA). Treatment with glucocorticoids, cyclophosphamide and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole has induced complete remission.
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Clinical rheumatology · Nov 2002
Hyperhomocysteinaemia and risk of thrombosis in systemic lupus erythematosus patients.
Hyperhomocysteinaemia is strongly associated with increased relative risk of occlusive vascular disease, mainly of the carotid and coronary arteries. The aim of our study was to assess whether raised plasma homocysteine is a risk factor for thrombotic events in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a condition known to be associated with premature atherothrombotic complications. The study included 34 consecutive consenting SLE patients who were seen in the Rheumatology Unit of Al-Amiri hospital, one of the main teaching hospitals in Kuwait. ⋯ Low levels of folate and vitamin B(12) were significantly associated with high concentrations of plasma homocysteine (r = -0.35 and -0.39, respectively, P<0.01). SLE patients with elevated homocysteine concentration have a threefold increase in odds ratio of thrombotic events after adjusting for other risk factors (male sex, shortened APTT, treatment with prednisone, low folate and vitamin B(12) levels). We concluded that homocysteine is an independent risk factor for thrombosis in patients with SLE and is potentially modifiable.
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Clinical rheumatology · Nov 2002
Comparative StudyAbnormal regional cerebral blood flow found by technetium-99m ethyl cysteinate dimer brain single photon emission computed tomography in systemic lupus erythematosus patients with normal brain MRI findings.
In this study, technetium-(99m) ethyl cysteinate dimer ((99m)Tc ECD) brain single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) was used to detect regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) of the brain in SLE patients with normal brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings. Twenty female SLE patients were enrolled in this study, divided into two groups. Group 1 consisted of 10 patients with neuropsychiatric manifestations. ⋯ The parietal lobes were the most commonly involved areas. We conclude that (99m)Tc ECD brain SPECT is more sensitive for detecting rCBF changes than is brain MRI in detecting the brain anatomic changes, and may have a diagnostic value in lupus cerebral involvement. However, (99m)Tc ECD brain SPECT may not be indicated for SLE patients with normal MRI and mild neuropsychiatric symptoms/signs, such headaches and dizziness.
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Clinical rheumatology · Jun 2002
Case ReportsSystemic sclerosis therapy with iloprost: a prospective observational study of 30 patients treated for a median of 3 years.
Iloprost is useful in the short-term treatment of severe Raynaud's phenomenon and ischaemic ulcers in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc), but its long-term effects are largely unknown. The aim of this study was to report long-term outcome (median follow-up 36 months) in a prospective observational study of a cohort of 30 consecutive patients with SSc who received iloprost therapy with maintenance infusions every 3 weeks after an initial cycle of 5 consecutive days. At the end of the observation, compared to the pretreatment point, we observed complete healing of digital ulcers in 19/21 patients (90%), a decrease of the Raynaud's phenomenon visual analogue score from 10/10 (25th-75th percentile 7-10) to 5/10 (4-6.75) ( P <0.001) and, in patients with diffuse cutaneous involvement, of the modified Rodnan skin thickness score from 25.5 (16.5-31.5) to 16 (13.5-20) ( P = 0.02), minimal improvement of the Health Assessment Questionnaire from 0.87 (0.68-1.37) to 0.75 (0.62-1.25), which was neither statistically nor clinically significant. ⋯ Other reasons for discontinuation were: tolerability (1), disease progression (normotensive renal crisis: 1), and death due to intracranial haemorrhage (1). This same patient had previously suffered a central retinal vein thrombosis. In conclusion, long-term therapy with iloprost in patients with SSc has a durable effectiveness on ischaemic ulcers and Raynaud's phenomenon, but it is not possible to conclude that the natural history of the disease was modified.
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Clinical rheumatology · Feb 2002
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialBuprenorphine in a transdermal therapeutic system--a new option.
Advanced patch technology has yielded a novel transdermal therapeutic system (TDS) for the rate-controlled systemic delivery of buprenorphine. Buprenorphine TDS is available in three strengths with release rates of 35, 52.5 and 70 microg/h over 72 h, corresponding to daily doses of 0.8, 1.2 and 1.6 mg, respectively. In total, 445 patients with chronic pain of malignant or non-malignant origin requiring long-term treatment with potent opioid analgesics were enrolled in the clinical trial programme. ⋯ Typical opioid-related adverse events were reported with a low incidence and mild intensity. In an open follow-up study 239 patients elected to continue treatment with buprenorphine TDS. The confirmation of clinical benefit, coupled with a high level of patient compliance and improved quality of life, substantiate the usefulness of buprenorphine TDS in a practical setting.