Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association
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This study examines traumatic stress reactions in couples that were followed prospectively for 18 months after a burn event to their child. ⋯ Both mothers and fathers are seriously affected by a burn event of their young child. Despite a general decrease over time, a subgroup of parents is at risk for chronic symptoms. The results call for the integration of prolonged parent support in family centered pediatric burn aftercare programs.
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Defaults have been shown to impact decision making in a variety of domains. However, no research has applied defaults to medical care decisions utilizing an Electronic Health Record (EHR). This research was designed to examine how providers' inpatient laboratory ordering practices were influenced by default selections in EHR order sets. ⋯ This study demonstrated that default selections in an EHR can significantly influence providers' laboratory test ordering practices and that hospital systems could benefit from adding expert-recommended defaults to EHR order sets.
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A growing body of literature suggests ethnic differences in experimental pain. However, these studies largely focus on adults and the comparison between Caucasians and African Americans. The primary aim of this study is to determine ethnic differences in laboratory-induced pain in a multiethnic child sample. ⋯ By examining response to laboratory pain stimuli in children representing multiple ethnicities, an understudied sample, the study reveals unique findings compared to the existing literature. These findings have implications for clinicians who manage acute pain in children from diverse ethnic backgrounds. Future investigations should examine mechanisms that account for ethnic differences in pain during various developmental stages.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Social cognitive mediators of the effect of the MobileMums intervention on physical activity.
To explore whether improvements in physical activity following the MobileMums intervention were mediated by changes in Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) constructs targeted in the intervention (barrier self efficacy, goal setting skills, outcome expectancy, social support, and perceived environmental opportunity for exercise). This paper also examined if the mediating constructs differed between initial (baseline to 6 weeks) and overall (baseline to 13 weeks) changes in physical activity. ⋯ Future interventions with postnatal women using SCT should target barrier self-efficacy and goal setting skills in order to increase physical activity.
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Acceptance and mindfulness-based treatments for chronic pain attempts to alter the impact of pain-related thoughts and feelings on behavior without necessarily changing the thoughts and feelings themselves. A process called "decentering" appears relevant to these treatments because it includes the capacity to observe thoughts and feelings from a detached perspective, as transient events in the mind, that do not necessarily reflect reality or the self. This study examines relations of decentering with other processes related to "psychological flexibility" and the daily functioning of people with chronic pain. ⋯ People with chronic pain may benefit from the capacity to contact their thoughts and feelings from a perspective as a "separate observer," to see them as transient, and to experience them as cognitively "defused."