Journal of the American College of Nutrition
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
A double-blind, randomized, controlled trial of the effects of two eggs per day in moderately hypercholesterolemic and combined hyperlipidemic subjects taught the NCEP step I diet.
We investigated the effect of egg feeding in 161 hypercholesterolemic (HC) or combined hyperlipidemic (CHL) free-living subjects taught the NCEP Step I Diet. ⋯ CHL subjects ingesting a Step I Diet in a free-living setting are sensitive to egg feeding and should benefit from dietary cholesterol restriction. The limited LDL-C rise in HC subjects resembles that seen in egg-fed normocholesterolemic subjects ingesting a Step I Diet, but requires confirmation.
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Comparative Study
Transitions in infant feeding during the first year of life.
To document ages at which transitions in infant feeding occur, to compare these transitions to literature reports from the 1970s and 80s, and to identify maternal characteristics related to the age of the infant when solid food was first introduced. ⋯ The finding that the mothers' decision whether or not to breastfeed was made prior to conception supports the importance of population-based education aimed at women in the child-bearing years as well as patient instruction early in the pregnancy. However, the duration of breastfeeding was shorter than was reported in the 1980s. Infants varied greatly in ages when the seven categories of complementary foods were added to their diets. Although recommendations for delaying introduction of solid foods until the infant is 4 to 6 months of age have been in place for more than a decade, about half the mothers in this study did so earlier. Characteristics of mothers who introduced cereal earliest (i.e., mean age of infants < 4 months) were more likely to be formula feeding when cereal was added, to feed cereal via the bottle, to be primiparous, to be employed outside the home, and/or not to cite the physician as a source for guiding the infant's transition to supplemental food.
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Comparative Study
Dose-dependent effect of octreotide on nitrogen retention and glucose homeostasis in response to endotoxemia in parenterally fed rats.
This study compared the effect of different doses of octreotide on glucose and protein homeostasis in rats receiving concomitant lipopolysaccharide and parenteral nutrition infusions. ⋯ Endotoxin significantly reduces nitrogen balance compared to controls fed PN. Octreotide does not significantly improve nitrogen retention or glucose homeostasis in endotoxemic parenterally fed rats.
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Nutrition and food science have each enhanced the development of an abundant, nutritious, safe food supply. A healthy diet should contain all of the required nutrients and sufficient calories to balance energy expenditure and provide for growth and maintenance throughout the life cycle. Importantly, dietary factors are associated with 5 of the 10 leading causes of death, including coronary heart disease, certain types of cancer, stroke, noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis. ⋯ International concerns about undernutrition include 780 million people who are malnourished, lacking sufficient food to meet their basic nutritional needs for protein and energy, and 2 billion people who subsist on diets lacking essential nutrients needed for growth, development and physiological maintenance. National concerns about undernutrition exist based on incomplete data identified by indices of hunger and characterized by an increased demand for food assistance for women, children and the elderly. Major health problems in the US impacted by diet and nutrition include coronary heart disease, atherosclerosis, some types of cancer, non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, hypert