Journal of the American College of Nutrition
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Magnesium (Mg) is the second most abundant intracellular cation where it plays an important role in enzyme function and trans-membrane ion transport. Mg deficiency has been associated with a number of clinical disorders including osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is common problem accounting for 2 million fractures per year in the United States at a cost of over $17 billion dollars. ⋯ With the use of immunohistocytochemistry, we found that Mg deficiency resulted in an increase in substance P, TNFalpha and IL1beta. Additional studies assessing the relative presence of receptor activator of nuclear factor kB ligand (RANKL) and its decoy receptor, osteoprotegerin (OPG), found a decrease in OPG and an increase in RANKL favoring an increase in bone resorption. These data support the notion at dietary Mg intake at levels not uncommon in humans may perturb bone and mineral metabolism and be a risk factor for osteoporosis.
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Evidence from observational studies has suggested that carbohydrate quality rather than absolute intake is associated with greater risk of chronic diseases. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between carbohydrate intake and dietary glycemic index and several cardiovascular disease risk factors. ⋯ These cross-sectional findings support the hypothesis that a high GI diet unfavorably affects CVD risk factors and therefore, substitution of high with low GI dietary carbohydrates may have reduce the risk of CVD.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Effect of muesli with 4 g oat beta-glucan on postprandial blood glucose, gastric emptying and satiety in healthy subjects: a randomized crossover trial.
Products enriched with oat beta-glucan have been shown to reduce postprandial glucose and insulinemic responses. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of an extruded muesli product based on oat beta-glucan on the rate of gastric emptying, postprandial blood glucose and satiety in healthy subjects. ⋯ The results of this study suggest that intake of muesli with 4 g oat beta-glucan does not affect the gastric emptying rate or satiety but lowers the postprandial blood glucose response, indicating that the GER does not regulate the blood glucose level.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Physiological effects of concentrated barley beta-glucan in mildly hypercholesterolemic adults.
Barley fiber rich in beta-glucans lowers serum lipids, but is difficult to incorporate into products acceptable to consumers. We investigated the physiological effects of two concentrated barley beta-glucans on cardiovascular disease (CVD) endpoints and body weight in human subjects. ⋯ Overall, supplementation with isolated barley beta-glucans of different molecular weights had small effects on cardiovascular disease markers. Molecular weight of the barley fiber did alter effects on body weight with the high-MW fiber significantly decreasing body weight.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Pre-operative modification of dietary glycemic index improves pre but not post-operative indices of insulin resistance in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery.
Improving insulin sensitivity in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) patients may translate into improved glycemic control and postoperative outcomes. The implementation of a low glycemic index (LGI) diet in the pre-operative period may improve insulin sensitivity and subsequently impact on the development of post-operative insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to determine whether a short term LGI diet would reduce postoperative insulin resistance. ⋯ A preoperative LGI diet presents a non-invasive cardio-protective opportunity warranting clinical trial.