Journal of the American College of Nutrition
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The majority of graduating US medical students reported inadequate nutrition training over the past decade. This trend could in part be due to the lack of valid measures to assess the relationship between adequacy of nutrition training and proficiency on nutrition topics deemed essential. The study's objective was to test the hypothesis that self-reported nutrition proficiency is positively correlated with the perceived adequacy (quality, quantity, coverage and importance) of nutrition training of University of Washington medical students. ⋯ Quality and coverage may be effective gauges of adequacy of nutrition training and related nutrition proficiency in medical education. Current national medical education evaluation measures focus on the quantity of nutrition instruction. The lowest reported proficiency topics; nutrition and disease management, micronutrients and complementary and alternative medicine are recommended for particular curricular emphasis.
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We examined relationships of individual and environmental factors with obesity and trying to lose weight in rural residents. ⋯ There was no consistent pattern of relationships between environment factors and obesity or trying to lose weight was seen. Unique aspects of rural living may not be captured by traditionally available neighborhood measures.
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Hypothermia is a known symptom of neonatal polycythemia (NP) and its pathophysiology is unclear. The effect of partial dilutional exchange transfusion (PET) upon resting energy expenditure (REE) is unknown. We aimed to test the hypothesis that PET leads to an increase in REE. ⋯ Energy expenditure of polycythemic infants increases following PET, in a manner proportional to the decrease in hematocrit. Symptomatic polycythemic infants have a greater rise in REE following PET than non-symptomatic ones. We speculate that polycythemia leads to a decreased REE that might be remedied by PET.
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Antioxidants from plants were known to reduce the oxidative stress by scavenging free radicals, chelating metal ions and reducing inflammation. As increased oxidative stress was implicated in the nigrostriatal dopaminergic neuronal loss in Parkinson's disease (PD), we have assessed whether the plant extracts protects the nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons in the animal model of PD. ⋯ Pre-treatment of plant extracts rich in polymethoxylated flavones, procyanidins and isoflavones but not catechins protected the nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons in the rat model of PD.
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The minimal data available on the current energy, nutrient and dietary fiber intakes of adolescent males challenges the development of effective nutrition education programs. There is a need for research into the current intakes of adolescent males and in particular their relation to the current Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs). The primary objective of this study was to assess the diet of adolescent males and relate energy, nutrient and dietary fiber intakes to the DRIs. Secondary objectives were to relate energy, macronutrient and dietary fiber intakes to body mass index (BMI)-for-age percentile categories as well as to explore vitamin/mineral supplement use and soft drink consumption. ⋯ Results of this study reveal that adolescent males are consuming the recommended amounts of macronutrients but may be at risk for consuming inadequate levels of specific micronutrients. Nutrition education programs should consider targeting select micronutrients to improve nutritional intakes of adolescent males.