Emergency medicine clinics of North America
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Emerg. Med. Clin. North Am. · Aug 2007
ReviewIdentification and resuscitation of the trauma patient in shock.
This article focuses on rapid diagnosis and treatment of the patient suffering from trauma-related shock, including early identification of patients at risk for occult hypoperfusion. Resuscitation strategies (delayed resuscitation, damage control resuscitation), end points of resuscitation, and the role of blood products and pro-coagulants for resuscitation are discussed.
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This article reviews the more recent theoretic and practical information that pertains to airway management in the trauma setting. This is followed by a presentation of the newer airway devices that may be advantageous in the management of the airway in trauma as well as a discussion of other devices, techniques, or maneuvers that are useful in the trauma setting but may be underused. Each clinician needs to be knowledgeable about the various airway options and then, based on one's own particular skills and resources, construct an airway management algorithm that works best for him or her. Each clinician needs to be knowledgeable about the various airway options, and then, based on the clinician's particular skills and resources, construct an airway management algorithm that works best.
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Emerg. Med. Clin. North Am. · Aug 2007
ReviewEmergency department management of selected orthopedic injuries.
Rather than providing an encyclopedic review of extremity injuries, this article reviews selected serious injuries of the extremities that can be missed in the emergency department, either because they are relatively uncommon or because they are subtle in their clinical and radiographic presentation. They include injuries to the scapula, the shoulder, the forearm, the femur and hip, the knee, the tibia (which is the most common long bone fracture), and the ankle and foot. ⋯ Several of these injuries can result in emergent complications or have time-dependent outcomes. Consequently, these injuries often must be managed by emergency physicians before specialist expertise becomes available.
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Pelvic fractures are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Despite advances in emergency, radiologic, surgical, and ICU care that have improved survival during the past decade, the morbidity and the mortality remain significantly high. This article focuses on the recent developments in the initial management of pelvic fractures including the use of external pelvic binders, radiographic imaging, interventional radiology, and extraperitoneal packing.
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Emerg. Med. Clin. North Am. · Aug 2007
ReviewPediatric major trauma: an approach to evaluation and management.
Trauma is the leading cause of death in children nationwide. Proper management of the pediatric trauma patient involves many of the components contained within standard trauma protocols. By paying strict attention to the anatomical and physiological differences in the pediatric population, clinicians will be assured the best possible outcomes. This article outlines the fundamentals of proper management of pediatric trauma patients.