Emergency medicine clinics of North America
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Emerg. Med. Clin. North Am. · May 2015
ReviewEmergency Department Evaluation and Management of Foot and Ankle Pain.
Foot and ankle injuries are a frequent cause for a visit to the Emergency Department. A thorough evaluation and treatment of these injuries needs to be an area of in-depth familiarity for the Emergency Medicine physician. The key to proper evaluation is first a history and physical examination that focuses on determining what, if any, imaging is required. Subsequently, a focused history, physical examination, and imaging will then determine if an injury is stable or unstable, requiring operative intervention.
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Emerg. Med. Clin. North Am. · May 2015
ReviewEvaluation and Treatment of the Elbow and Forearm Injuries in the Emergency Department.
Elbow and forearm injuries result most commonly from direct blows to the area, or from fall on outstretched hand. The elbow may be injured if it is locked at the time of impact. Elbow or forearm bone dislocations may occur alone or in conjunction with fractures and generally require reduction to minimize future morbidity. The primary goal of management is to achieve anatomic reduction of any fracture or dislocation, while allowing for early range of motion to minimize future morbidity, including in particular elbow stiffness and consequently limited mobility of the joint.
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Emerg. Med. Clin. North Am. · May 2015
ReviewEmergency Department Evaluation and Treatment of Wrist Injuries.
Correct diagnosis of wrist injuries is critical in preventing prolonged pain and dysfunction. Radiographs cannot diagnose a large percentage of injuries. ⋯ Knowledge of the anatomy, normal physical examination findings, and physical examination abnormalities associated with different pathological conditions, is paramount in making the correct diagnosis. This article focuses on the anatomy, diagnosis, and ED management of acute wrist injuries, including fractures and dislocations.