Emergency medicine clinics of North America
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Emerg. Med. Clin. North Am. · May 2010
Head, neck and ophthalmologic manifestations of HIV in the emergency department.
Emergency medicine physicians are uniquely positioned to detect manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease in the head and neck region. Awareness of the myriad of opportunistic infections and malignancies that involve the head, neck, and eyes is paramount to their diagnosis and treatment. On occasion some of these manifestations are a direct result of HIV and represent the initial signs of primary HIV infection. In some cases, prompt diagnosis and therapy will lead to preservation of function and prevention of significant morbidity.
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Emerg. Med. Clin. North Am. · May 2010
Emergency department management of hematologic and oncologic complications in the patient infected with HIV.
This article discusses the various hematologic and oncologic diseases to consider when caring for a patient with HIV infection. These diseases are not only more common in this patient population, but they can often be more severe, leading to greater morbidity and mortality than would be expected for a patient without HIV infection. ⋯ The oncologic diseases discussed include AIDS-defining conditions, such as Kaposi sarcoma, invasive cervical carcinoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. The recognition of these conditions in patients infected with HIV is of paramount importance for identifying patients at high risk of morbidity and mortality.
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Pediatric patients often present to the emergency department with orthopedic pathology that can challenge the emergency department physician. This article focuses on key diagnoses that are frequently mismanaged. ⋯ Pediatric fractures, compartmental syndrome, bone and joint infection, limp and non-accidental trauma are reviewed. Approach to the workup of these patients and treatment algorithms are discussed.
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Pediatric disorders that involve actual or potential airway compromise are among the most challenging cases that emergency department providers face. This article discusses the diagnosis and management of common and uncommon conditions in infants and children who may present with airway obstruction.
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Emerg. Med. Clin. North Am. · Feb 2010
Review Case ReportsPitfalls in the evaluation of shortness of breath.
This article illustrates the challenges practitioners face evaluating shortness of breath, a common emergency department complaint. Through a series of patient encounters, pitfalls in the evaluation of shortness of breath are reviewed and discussed.