Emergency medicine clinics of North America
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The interrelationships of several important factors contribute to the development of pulmonary edema. These factors include hydrostatic and osmotic forces, capillary membrane permeability, and lymphatic drainage capacity. Whether the pulmonary edema is cardiogenic or noncardiogenic, optimal management is facilitated by the improvement of ventilation and gas exchange within the lungs and the restoration of oxygen transport to peripheral tissues. The keystones in such therapy include the administration of oxygen, diuretics, and vasodilators; the use of mechanical ventilation; and the implementation of specific therapy directed toward underlying disorders.
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Emerg. Med. Clin. North Am. · Aug 1983
ReviewPneumothorax, hemothorax, and other abnormalities of the pleural space.
The clinical setting and treatment of various types of pneumothorax are detailed; chylothorax and hemothorax are also discussed. Tube thoracostomy, which can be performed with basic surgical skills if attention is paid to potential complications and optimal technique, is described.
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The employment of a ventilator adds flexibility to the treatment of hypoventilation and hypoxia in the emergency department. Understanding the advantages of spontaneous respiration, the effects of positive pressure ventilation and the use of CMV, IMV, and PEEP allows for optimal care for emergency respiratory problems.
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Pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation refers to those measures used to restore ventilation and circulation in children. This article defines how cardiopulmonary resuscitation in infants, children, and adolescents differs from cardiopulmonary resuscitation in adults and delineates the drugs and dosages to be used in the resuscitation of pediatric patients.