Nefrología : publicación oficial de la Sociedad Española Nefrologia
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Review Meta Analysis
[Exercise in haemodyalisis patients: a literature systematic review].
Exercise as a therapeutic tool used in End-stage renal disease patients (ESRD) in hemodialysis (HD) is not routinately applied, as it occurs with cardiac or respiratory patients. Lack of awareness of research in this field may contribute to the current situation. Thus, the aims of this review are: 1) to systematically review the literature of exercise training on adult HD patients or patients at a pre-HD stage; 2) to show the evidence on the benefits of exercise for counteracting physiological, functional and psychological impairments found even in older ESRD patients; 3) to recommend requirements of future research in order to include exercise prescription in the HD patients treatment. ⋯ Summarizing, moderate evidence exists on the improvement on exercise capacity of aerobic training, isolated or combined with strength training. Strength training improves health related quality of life, functional capacity and lower limbs strength. Future studies should clarify which out of the three modalities results in higher benefits for HD patients.
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Hemophagocytic Syndrome is a clinical condition characterized by the activation of either macrophages or histiocytes with a prominent hemophagocytosis feature in the bone marrow and other reticuloendothelial systems. It leads to the phagocytosis of erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets and their precursors. The presence of hemophagocytosis can be associated to infections, malignancies, autoimmune diseases, drugs and a variety of other medical conditions. ⋯ It offers significant differential diagnosis challenges and requires urgent therapeutic intervention. There are only few cases reported in the literature. However, much is still needed in order to better understand its causes, all the immunopathogenic mechanisms, as well as its clinical and therapeutic aspects.
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Goodpasture's syndrome is a rare autoimmune disorder characterized by rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN) and alveolar hemorrhage in the presence of antiglomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) antibodies. Central nervous system involvement is highly unusual in the absence of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies. ⋯ After treatment with immunosuppressants and plasmapheresis, the patient showed reduced anti-GBM antibody titers and improved neurologic and respiratory symptoms, but renal failure persisted, requiring hemodialysis. Twenty months later, with the disease in remission, he underwent deceased-donor renal transplantation.
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The traditional evaluation of acid-base status relies on the Henderson-Hasselbach equation. In 1983, an alternative approach, based on physical and chemical principles was proposed by P. Stewart. In this approach, plasma pH is determined by 3 independent variables: pCO2, Strong Ion Difference (SIDm), which is the difference between the strong cations (Na +, K +, Ca ++, Mg ++) and the strong anions (Cl-, lactate) and total plasma concentration of nonvolatile weak acids (ATot), mainly inorganic phosphate and albumin. Bicarbonate is considered a dependent variable. The aim of this study was to evaluate the acid-base status using both perspectives, physical chemical and traditional approach. ⋯ Stewart-Fencl's approach does not improve characterization of acid-base status in patients on chronic HDF. In presence of normocloremia the SIDm does not reflect the alkalinizing process of the session of hemodialysis. According this approach, hemodialysis therapy can be viewed as a withdrawal of inorganic anions, especially the sulphate. These anions are replaced by OH - and secondarily for HCO3-. The approach only improves the evaluation of unmeasured anions by the Gap of the SID, without the effect of albumin and phosphate.
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Letter Case Reports
[Disseminated tuberculosis with splenic abscesses during haemodialysis].