Journal of the American College of Cardiology
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J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. · Apr 2015
Oral anticoagulation, aspirin, or no therapy in patients with nonvalvular AF with 0 or 1 stroke risk factor based on the CHA2DS2-VASc score.
Even a single additional stroke risk factor in patients with atrial fibrillation may confer a risk of stroke. However, there is no consensus on how best to treat these patients. ⋯ Low-risk patients (CHA2DS2-VASc = 0 [male], 1 [female]) have a truly low risk for stroke and bleeding. With 1 additional stroke risk factor (CHA2DS2-VASc = 1 [male], = 2 [female]), there was a significant increase in event rates (particularly mortality) if nonanticoagulated.
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J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. · Apr 2015
ReviewEvolving therapies for myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury.
The damage inflicted on the myocardium during acute myocardial infarction is the result of 2 processes: ischemia and subsequent reperfusion (ischemia/reperfusion injury). During the last 3 decades, therapies to reduce ischemic injury (mainly reperfusion strategies) have been widely incorporated into clinical practice. ⋯ After the great success of therapies to reduce ischemic injury, the time has come to focus efforts on therapies to reduce reperfusion injury, but in the recent few years, few interventions have successfully passed the proof-of-concept stage. In this review, we examine the past, present, and future therapies to reduce ischemia/reperfusion injury.
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J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. · Apr 2015
Mechanisms of bone marrow-derived cell therapy in ischemic cardiomyopathy with left ventricular assist device bridge to transplant.
Clinical trials report improvements in function and perfusion with direct injection of bone marrow cells into the hearts of patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy. Preclinical data suggest these cells improve vascular density, which would be expected to decrease fibrosis and inflammation. ⋯ Tissue analysis does not support the hypothesis that bone marrow-derived CD34+ cells promote increased vascular tissue in humans with ischemic cardiomyopathy via direct injection.