Journal of the American College of Cardiology
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J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. · May 2013
Randomized Controlled TrialRenoprotective effect of remote ischemic post-conditioning by intermittent balloon inflations in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention.
The aim of the present study was to assess the efficacy of remote ischemic post-conditioning (RIPC) by repeated intermittent balloon inflations in preventing acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with a non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). ⋯ RIPC by serial balloon inflations and deflations during PCI was found to confer protection against AKI in patients with a non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing PCI. The reduction in the rate of AKI translated into a clear trend (of borderline significance) toward better 30-day clinical outcome.
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J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. · May 2013
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative StudyRivaroxaban in patients stabilized after a ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: results from the ATLAS ACS-2-TIMI-51 trial (Anti-Xa Therapy to Lower Cardiovascular Events in Addition to Standard Therapy in Subjects with Acute Coronary Syndrome-Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction-51).
The present analysis reports on the pre-specified subgroup of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients, in whom anticoagulant therapy has been of particular interest. ⋯ In patients with a recent STEMI, rivaroxaban reduced cardiovascular events. This benefit emerged early and persisted during continued treatment with background antiplatelet therapies. Rivaroxaban compared with placebo increased the rate of major bleeding, but there was no significant increase in fatal bleeding. (An Efficacy and Safety Study for Rivaroxaban in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome; NCT00809965).
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J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. · Apr 2013
ReviewPreparing the United States for high-sensitivity cardiac troponin assays.
It is only a matter of time before the use of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin assays (hs-cTn) becomes common throughout the United States. In preparation for this inevitability, this article raises a number of important issues regarding these assays that deserve consideration. These include: the need for the adoption of a universal nomenclature; the importance of defining uniform criteria for reference populations; the challenge of discriminating between acute and nonacute causes of hs-cTn elevations, and between type 1 and type 2 acute myocardial infarction (AMI); factors influencing the analytical precision of hs-cTn; ascertaining the optimal duration of the rule-out period for AMI; the need for further evaluation to determine the causes of a positive hs-cTn in non-AMI patients; and the use of hs-cTn to risk-stratify patients with disease conditions other than AMI. This review elaborates on these critical issues as a means of educating clinicians and researchers about them.
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J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. · Apr 2013
Comparative StudyThe relationship between metabolic risk factors and incident cardiovascular disease in Europeans, South Asians, and African Caribbeans: SABRE (Southall and Brent Revisited) -- a prospective population-based study.
This study sought to determine whether ethnic differences in diabetes, dyslipidemia, and ectopic fat deposition account for ethnic differences in incident cardiovascular disease. ⋯ Ethnic differences in measured metabolic risk factors did not explain differences in coronary heart disease incidence. The apparently greater association between diabetes and stroke risk in South Asians and African Caribbeans compared with Europeans merits further study.
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J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. · Apr 2013
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialSex differences in presentation and outcome among patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease treated with contemporary medical therapy with or without prompt revascularization: a report from the BARI 2D Trial (Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation 2 Diabetes).
This study evaluated differences in outcome among women and men enrolled in the BARI 2D (Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation 2 Diabetes) trial. ⋯ There were no sex differences in death, myocardial infarction, or cerebrovascular accident among patients enrolled in the BARI 2D trial. However, compared with men, women had more symptoms and less anatomic disease at baseline, with persistence of higher angina rates and lower DASI scores after 5 years of medical therapy with or without prompt revascularization. (Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation in Type 2 Diabetes [BARI 2D]; NCT00006305).