Ultraschall in der Medizin : Organ der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Ultraschall in der Medizin, [der] Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Ultraschall in der Medizin, [der] Schweizerischen Gesellschaft für Ultraschall in Medizin und Biologie
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Review Comparative Study
Ultrasound guidance for neuraxial analgesia and anesthesia in obstetrics: a quantitative systematic review.
The aim of this quantitative systematic review was to assess the efficacy and safety of ultrasound-guided neuraxial blocks in obstetric analgesia and anesthesia. ⋯ There is some evidence that ultrasound guidance may improve the efficacy and safety of neuraxial blocks in obstetrics. If technical difficulties are anticipated, ultrasound may lower the rate of procedure-related adverse events.
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To evaluate the accuracy of measurements of the optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) in children by comparing transbulbar sonography with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). ⋯ We were able to demonstrate that the ONSD values of transbulbar sonography in children correlate well with MRI if the relevant anatomic structures are depicted and the measuring points are set correctly. Based on the findings of our study, it seems necessary to define normal and cut-off values for the ONSD in children again to finally assess the clinical relevance of the ONSD as a noninvasive parameter for the evaluation of intracranial pressure.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Dynamic needle tip positioning - ultrasound guidance for peripheral vascular access. A randomized, controlled and blinded study in phantoms performed by ultrasound novices.
The application of ultrasound-guidance for peripheral venous access is gaining popularity. It is possible to produce a short axis or a long axis sonographic view of the target vessel and apply an out-of-plane or in-plane needle tip approach. Our aim was to present the dynamic needle tip positioning technique and to estimate which approach is the most accurate for inserting the needle tip into the center of the target vessel. ⋯ The combined short axis and out-of-plane technique using dynamic needle tip positioning had a higher success rate and a shorter distance between the center of the target vessel and the needle tip compared to the combined long axis and in-plane technique.
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Congenital valvar aortic stenosis (VAS) causes a pressure overload to the left ventricle. In the clinical setting, the severity of stenosis is graded by the pressure drop over the stenotic valve (pressure gradient). This parameter is dependent on the hemodynamic status and does not provide information regarding myocardial performance. This study was undertaken to reveal the potential of two-dimensional strain echocardiography (2DSTE) for the detection of myocardial functional changes due to congenital VAS in children. ⋯ 2DSTE detects alterations in myocardial function in children diagnosed with congenital VAS, whose conventional echocardiographic findings did not indicate ventricular systolic dysfunction.
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Sudden retinal blindness is a common complication of temporal arteritis (TA). Another common cause is embolic occlusion of the central retinal artery (CRA). The aim of this prospective study was to examine the diagnostic value of hyperechoic material in the CRA for the exclusion of vasculitis as a cause. The authors used orbital color-coded sonography (OCCS) for the detection of hyperechoic material. ⋯ The detection of the "spot sign" specifically minimizes the probability of TA as a reason for sudden blindness.