Ultraschall in der Medizin : Organ der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Ultraschall in der Medizin, [der] Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Ultraschall in der Medizin, [der] Schweizerischen Gesellschaft für Ultraschall in Medizin und Biologie
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The correspondence of sonography and radiography to figure out a pneumoperitoneum was studied in a group of 140 patients having undergone abdominal surgery. Sonography revealed 14 (82.4%) out of 17 radiographically positive patients. Because of the predominant collection of free air in the right upper quadrant, the ventrolateral liver surface represents the most important region in search of a pneumoperitoneum. ⋯ The possibility to observe motion in real-time sonography repeatedly proved to be decisive for the certain diagnosis of free air (the shifting air under patient's movent and the immobility of the gas reflex under respiration). An observed "step" between the air in the costophrenic sinus and the abdominal gas reflex is considered to be an additional sonographic sign. These results justify combined evaluation of a suspected pneumoperitoneum by both plain film radiography and sonography prior to other imaging modalities.
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In obstetrics the main advantage of transvaginal sonography is in the first trimester. It is possible to diagnose normal or abnormal pregnancy or ectopic pregnancy earlier and more exactly than with transabdominal ultrasound. Furthermore different foetal malformations can be detected within the first trimester. ⋯ However, transvaginal scanning can be a useful adjunct in cases where the foetal head is deeply engaged or for the visualisation of a foetal organ that is close to the vaginal probe. Transvaginal colour Doppler as well as transvaginal 3 D-volume scanning represent new aspects of transvaginal sonography in obstetrics and gynaecology. These techniques will provide progress especially in tumour diagnosis in the lower pelvis in the future.
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200 patients with blunt abdominal trauma were scanned by ultrasound primarily. 152 showed a normal sonographic examination. In 24 patients an organic injury was visualised. ⋯ The lesions consisted of 3 hepatic ruptures, 2 retroperitoneal bleedings. Ultrasound is a reliable tool in the diagnosis of blunt abdominal trauma on the day of admittance and in the evaluation of injuries in respect of operative or conservative management.
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To reduce the rate of complications and failures in central venous catheterisation a technique for ultrasonically controlled puncture of the internal jugular vein was standardised. The puncture procedure, including the application of local anaesthesia, is continuously observed and guided by real-time ultrasound. Imaging, control and practising of the puncture are described and discussed.
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A group of 217 pregnant patients was examined by vaginosonography. The group could be divided into 62 patients with incompetent cervix and 155 patients with normal findings. ⋯ We registered a dynamic process pattern of cervical, morphological changes in the group with preterm delivery. We tried to reduce these cervical changes to an arithmetic formula.