Family medicine
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Student-directed activities such as family medicine interest groups (FMIG) and student-run free clinics (SRFC) have been examined to discover their impact on entry into family medicine and primary care. The objective of this review was to synthesize study results to better incorporate and optimize these activities to support family medicine and primary care choice. ⋯ Larger-scale and higher quality studies are necessary to determine the impact of FMIG and SRFC on entry into family medicine and primary care. However, available evidence supports that FMIG participation is positively associated with family medicine career choice. In contrast, SRFC participation is not clearly associated with primary care career choice.
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Medical schools should understand how to matriculate students who are more likely to enter primary care specialties and put admissions processes into place that achieve this result. However, there are no existing reviews that have systematically evaluated medical school admission practices and primary care specialty choice. ⋯ Medical schools that want to increase the percentage of graduates entering primary care should consider developing a prematriculation program that attracts and prepares motivated and talented students with primary care interest. Admissions committees should understand which demographic criteria are associated with increased likelihood of entering primary care. The most important identifiable trait is an applicant's stated interest in primary care.
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Role modeling and mentoring are key aspects of identity formation in medical school and likely influence student specialty choice. No reviews have examined the ways that mentorship relationships impact primary care career choice. ⋯ Role modeling and mentorship influence primary care career choice. Very few articles defined the studied relationships. More work on the impact of mentorship and role modeling on career choice is needed.
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Educational components and electives that may influence medical student choice of primary care careers have been studied individually, but not reviewed or synthesized. Examining educational components and electives in a comprehensive manner may inform evidence-based approaches to raise the number of primary care physicians in the United States and help optimize use of finite resources. We sought to determine evidence-based educational components and electives associated with increased medical student choice of primary care careers. ⋯ The current literature is limited, and many contemporary electives have not been studied with respect to primary care choice. Increased attention and funding to studying the impact of electives and other educational components on primary care specialty choice is warranted.