Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Prevention of skin cancer and reduction of keratotic skin lesions during acitretin therapy in renal transplant recipients: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of acitretin on the development of keratotic skin lesions, and on squamous cell carcinomas and basal cell carcinomas in a group of renal transplant recipients. ⋯ Acitretin 30 mg/d over 6 months had significantly more effect than placebo in the prevention of squamous cell carcinomas and reduced the occurrence of keratotic skin lesions in a group of renal transplant recipients with severe lesions. This effect was most pronounced in patients with a history of squamous cell carcinomas and basal cell carcinomas.
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Multicenter Study Clinical Trial
Concurrent cisplatin/etoposide plus chest radiotherapy followed by surgery for stages IIIA (N2) and IIIB non-small-cell lung cancer: mature results of Southwest Oncology Group phase II study 8805.
To assess the feasibility of concurrent chemotherapy and irradiation (chemoRT) followed by surgery in locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in a cooperative group setting, and to estimate response, resection rates, relapse patterns, and survival for stage subsets IIIA(N2) versus IIIB. ⋯ This trimodality approach was feasible in this Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG) study, with an encouraging 26% 3-year survival rate. An Intergroup study is currently being conducted to determine whether surgery adds more to the risk or to the benefit of chemoRT.
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Multicenter Study
Second malignant neoplasms following treatment for Wilm's tumor: a report from the National Wilms' Tumor Study Group.
The study was undertaken to determine the incidence of second malignant neoplasms (SMNs) in patients treated for Wilms' tumor and demonstrate how the incidence varied with the initial treatment protocol. ⋯ These results demonstrate the importance of current efforts to limit the use of intensive chemotherapy and radiation therapy, which are now applied only to patients with the most aggressive disease. Continuing close surveillance of the great majority of Wilms' tumor patients who become long-term survivors is essential for early diagnosis of SMNs and other late sequelae of therapy.
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Clinical Trial Controlled Clinical Trial
Adjusting the dose of intravenous ondansetron plus dexamethasone to the emetogenic potential of the chemotherapy regimen.
This pilot, open-label study evaluates the antiemetic efficacy and safety of a single 20-mg intravenous (IV) dose of dexamethasone combined with a single IV dose of ondansetron (32, 24, or 8 mg) in patients receiving highly emetogenic (HE), moderately high emetogenic (MHE), or moderately emetogenic (ME) chemotherapy, respectively. ⋯ A single IV dose of either 8, 24, or 32 mg of ondansetron combined with a single 20-mg IV dose of dexamethasone resulted in good control of acute emesis across a wide spectrum of chemotherapy regimens. Nausea control proved somewhat more difficult, with approximately 50% of patients in the HE and ME emetogenic categories experiencing some degree of nausea. The results of our pilot study suggest that adjusting the dose of ondansetron to the intrinsic emetogenicity of the chemotherapy regimen permits a more efficient use of ondansetron while maintaining good antiemetic control. Such an approach appears worthy of further investigation.
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To evaluate the effect of perioperative blood transfusions on colorectal cancer recurrence and patient survival. ⋯ With transfusion practices that use blood components, most commonly RBCs, medically indicated transfusions to patients with colorectal carcinoma seem to have no impact on disease recurrence. The adverse impact of transfusions on cancer patient survival is more likely due to other unevaluated tumor variables or underlying illness rather than tumor recurrence enhancement by immunosuppression induced by transfusion of blood components.